{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:10:31Z","timestamp":1789827031793,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3702900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3702900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c03525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T23:37:43Z","timestamp":1758843463000},"page":"21065-21075","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Well-to-Gate Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Petrochemical Products across the Supply Chain and Sources of Variability in China"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Yiling","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Holzapfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Environmental Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Berlin 10623, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Finkbeiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Environmental Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Berlin 10623, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2176-6174","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaojun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability","place":["Beijing, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","unstructured":"Bauer, F.; Kulionis, V.; Oberschelp, C.; Pfister, S.; Tilsted, J. P.; Finkill, G. D.; Fj\u00e4ll, S.\n                      Petrochemicals and Climate Change: Tracing Globally Growing Emissions and Key Blind Spots in a Fossil-Based Industry\n                      , Lund, 2022; Vol. 126. https:\/\/portal.research.lu.se\/en\/publications\/petrochemicals-and-climate-change-tracing-globally-growing-emissi (accessed Jan 01, 2025)."},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","unstructured":"Interational Renewable Energy\nAgency.\n                      Decarbonising Hard-to-Abate\nSectors with Renewables: Perspectives for the G7\n                      , Abu Dhabi, 2024. www.irena.org."},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","unstructured":"Nike Inc.\n                      Moving Together: FY23 Impact Report\n                      , 2023. https:\/\/about.nike.com\/en\/newsroom\/releases\/fy23-nike-inc-impact-report (accessed Jan 01, 2025)."},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","unstructured":"Apple Inc.\n                      Product Environmental Report\n                      , 2024. https:\/\/www.apple.com\/environment\/pdf\/products\/iphone\/iPhone_16_and_iPhone_16_Plus_PER_Sept2024.pdf (accessed Jan 01, 2025)."},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07322-2"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","unstructured":"Kupfer, T.; Baitz, M.; Colodel, C. M.; Kokborg, M.\n                      GaBi Database & Modelling Principles (2017 Edition)\n                      , 2017."},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","unstructured":"Stellner, L.; Kalousdian, A.; Go\u00dfen, J.; Ossoli\u0144ska, A.; Oskar Jolmes, L.; K\u00e4telh\u00f6n, A.; V\u00f6gler, O.; Hermanns, R.; Suh, S.; Bardow, A.; Meys, R.; Zibunas, C.; Bachmann, M.; M\u00fcller, L.; Himmelreich, B.; Kleinekorte, J. Methodology Carbon Minds Database, 2024. https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/carbon-mindsFormoreinformation,youcancontactusinfo@carbon-minds.com."},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44286-024-00047-z"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c00295"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12229316"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","unstructured":"Ricardo; Institute For Energy\nAnd Environmental Research Heidelberg; E4tech.\n                      Determining the Environmental Impacts of Conventional and\nAlternatively Fuelled Vehicles through LCA\n                      , 2020."},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978534"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es5010347"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-017-1380-1"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-020-0775-3"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b05870"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-010-0204-3"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es3018682"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.08.183"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es102498a"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.01.046"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35392-1"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","unstructured":"National\nDevelopment and Reform\nCommission.\n                      Methodology and Reporting\nGuidelines on Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting for Petrochemical\nEnterprises in China (Pilot Edition)\n                      , 2014. https:\/\/www.ndrc.gov.cn\/xxgk\/zcfb\/tz\/201502\/t20150209_963759.html (accessed Jan 01, 2025)."},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","unstructured":"The Global Oil and Gas Industry\nAssociation for Environmental and Social Issues; The American Petroleum\nInstitute; International Association of Oil & Gas Producers.\n                      Petroleum Industry Guidelines for Reporting\nGreenhouse Gas Emissions (Second Edition)\n                      , 2011. https:\/\/www.api.org\/~\/media\/files\/ehs\/climate-change\/ghg_industry-guidelines-ipieca.pdf (accessed Jan 01, 2025)."},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","volume-title":"Process-Based Carbon Emission Estimation Method and Life Cycle Environment Assessment of the Petroleum Refining Industry","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad123"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41701-z"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","volume-title":"Handbook of Input-Output Table Compilation and Analysis","author":"United Nations Statistics Division","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511626982","volume-title":"Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions","author":"Miller R. E.","year":"2009","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","volume-title":"An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements","author":"Taylor J. R.","year":"1997","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100361"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","volume-title":"Study on Facility-Level Characterization Methodology of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Reduction Technology Pathways in China\u2019s Refining Industry","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es501035a"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b04086"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.03.038"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","volume-title":"Carbon Emissions Calculation of Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Based on Life Cycle Assessment","author":"Chen D.","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","unstructured":"European Commission: Joint\nResearch Centre.\n                      JEC Well-to-Tank\nReport v5: Well-To-Wheels Analysis of Future Automotive Fuels and\nPowertrains in the European Context\n                      ; Publications\nOffice of the European Union: Luxembourg, 2020."},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c05417"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","unstructured":"Cao, S.; Chen, B.; Guo, H.; Sun, J.\n                      Plastics Environmental Footprint in China\n                      ; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology: Beijing, 2020. http:\/\/www.nrdc.cn\/Public\/uploads\/2020-12-28\/5fe941e197b58.pdf (accessed July 27, 2025)."},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16085\/j.issn.1000-6613.2006.03.020"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","volume-title":"Environmental Impact Analysis of Ethylene Production Based on Life Cycle Method","author":"Zhao Y.","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13671\/j.hjkxxb.2014.0705"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.10.156"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.11.007"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52434-y"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2021.04.001"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","unstructured":"Together For\nSustainability.\n                      Product Carbon Footprint\nGuideline for the\nChemical Industry: Specification for Product Carbon Footprint and\nCorporate Scope 3.1 Emission Accounting and Reporting\n                      , 2024. https:\/\/www.tfs-initiative.com\/pcf-guideline (accessed Jan\n04, 2025)."},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","unstructured":"American Petroleum Institute.\n                      Lubricants Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon\nFootprinting\u2500Methodology and Best Practice\n                      , 2023. https:\/\/www.api.org\/products-and-services\/engine-oil\/sustainability-of-lubricants (accessed Jan 04, 2025)."},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","unstructured":"Damiani, M.; Ferrara, N.; Ardente, F.\n                      Understanding Product Environmental Footprint and Organisation Environmental Footprint Methods\n                      , 2022."},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","unstructured":"European Commission.\n                      Annex I to the Commission Recommendation\n(EU) 2021\/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the Use of the Environmental\nFootprint Methods to Measure and Communicate the Life Cycle Environmental\nPerformance of Products and Organisations\n                      , 2021. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279 (accessed July 27, 2025)."},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","unstructured":"Catena-X Automotive\nNetwork.\n                      Catena-X Product Carbon Footprint\nRulebook (Second Version)\n                      , Berlin, 2023. https:\/\/catena-x.net\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Vereinsdokumente\/Geschaeftsstelle_Dateien_Ablage\/CX-0029-ProductCarbonFootprintRulebook-v2.0.0.pdf (accessed Feb 04, 2025)."},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","volume-title":"The Future of Hydrogen for G20. Seizing Today\u2019s Opportunities","volume":"6","author":"IEA","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c03525","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c03525","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T08:12:33Z","timestamp":1759824753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c03525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.5c03525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c03525","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]}}}