{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:59:47Z","timestamp":1790798387322,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019889","name":"Weston Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019889","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003151","name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu?bec ? Nature et technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000190","name":"University of Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Northern Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Northern Research Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012258","name":"Polar Knowledge Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Northern Scientific Training Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Northern Scientific Training Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012258","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALLRP 555925-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALLRP 555925-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGS-M"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGS-M"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PGS-D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGS-D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2016-04688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2016-04688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009192","name":"Alberta Innovates","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["804673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["804673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program","award":["CIMP199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIMP199"]}]},{"name":"Dehcho-AAROM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Permafrost thaw in peatlands risks increasing the production and mobilization of methylmercury (MeHg), a bioaccumulative neurotoxin that poses a health hazard to humans. We studied 12 peatlands on a trophic gradient in northwestern Canada, including permafrost peat plateaus and thawed bogs and fens, to determine the effects of thaw on MeHg production from measures of soil and porewater MeHg and in situ methylation assays. The production of MeHg was greater in thawed peatlands, especially rich fens, as indicated by higher potential rates of microbial methylation of inorganic mercury (Hg) to MeHg and higher soil %MeHg (MeHg:total Hg). Soil %MeHg was 0.1% in permafrost peat plateaus, 0.7% in bogs, and 2.0% in fens. Microbial analysis indicated three putative methylators (two methanogens and one novel bacteria) as most influential to the community composition, although their abundances were not consistently highest in fens. Fens had a greater range of porewater MeHg concentrations than bogs, potentially due to hydrological flushing, controls on MeHg solubility, or redox disequilibria in fens. MeHg in porewater was strongly associated with dissolved organic matter that had a low aromaticity and a low oxygen-to-carbon ratio. Regionally upscaling our results suggested that the expansion of bogs and fens due to thawing may increase the landscape-scale potential for MeHg production by 65% by 2100, representing a substantial risk to downstream aquatic ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c04510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T07:24:33Z","timestamp":1756970673000},"page":"19457-19467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Production of Methylmercury\nin Peatlands Following\nPermafrost Thaw Increases along a Trophic Gradient"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6455-4980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta , , , ,","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renae","family":"Shewan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta , , , ,","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaughn","family":"Mangal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brock University , , , ,","place":["St. Catharines, ON, Canada, L2S 3A1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna I.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta , , , ,","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Him","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , ,","place":["Cambridge, England, CB2 3EA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas P. P.","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , ,","place":["Cambridge, England, CB2 3EA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olesya","family":"Kolmakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , ,","place":["Cambridge, England, CB2 3EA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Tanentzap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , ,","place":["Cambridge, England, CB2 3EA"]},{"name":"Trent University , , , ,","place":["Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9L 0G2"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4175-0214","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Klaus H.","family":"Knorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mu\u0308nster , , ,","place":["Mu\u0308nster, Germany, 48149"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McKenzie A.","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia , , , ,","place":["Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z2"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Haugk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, SE-106 91"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Azaroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, SE-106 91"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofi","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, SE-106 91"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent L.","family":"St. Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta , , , ,","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H5"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4618-7128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Igor","family":"Lehnherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto Mississauga , , , ,","place":["Mississauga, ON, Canada, L5L 1C6"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"Quinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilfrid Laurier University , , , ,","place":["Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Sonnentag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Montre\u0301al , , , ,","place":["Montreal, QC, Canada, H2 V 0B3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Olefeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta , , , ,","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178176","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Study of Mercury Biogeochemistry\nin Arctic Permafrost Ecosystems","volume":"959","author":"Malcata Martins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Total\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157445","article-title":"Arctic Methylmercury\nCycling","volume":"850","author":"Jonsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit3","unstructured":"Government of the Northwest Territories.\n          .  Site Specific Fish Consumption\nAdvice. https:\/\/www.hss.gov.nt.ca\/en\/services\/fish-consumption-guidance\/site-specific-fish-consumption-advice (accessed 2025\u201307\u201310)."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit4","article-title":"Fish Consumption Guidance: Mercury\nin Fish","author":"Government of Alberta.","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093015105264400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22423982.2024.2387381","article-title":"Awareness and Perceptions of Contaminants\nin the Dehcho and Sahtu\u0301\nRegions of the Northwest Territories","volume":"83","author":"Skinner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J.\nCircumpolar Health"},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114835","article-title":"Estimates, Spatial Variability, and\nEnvironmental Drivers\nof Mercury Biomagnification Rates through Lake Food Webs in the Canadian\nSubarctic","volume":"217","author":"Moslemi-Aqdam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153430","article-title":"Understanding Among-Lake Variability of Mercury Concentrations\nin Northern Pike (Esox Lucius): A Whole-Ecosystem Study in Subarctic\nLakes","volume":"822","author":"Moslemi-Aqdam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093015105264400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.4296\/cwrj3404393","article-title":"Review\nof Water Chemistry Research in Natural and Disturbed Peatlands","volume":"34","author":"Bourbonniere","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. Water Resour. J."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154793","article-title":"The Impact of Mercury\nContamination\non Human Health in the Arctic: A State of the Science Review","volume":"831","author":"Basu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.7185\/geochemlet.1922","article-title":"Mercury Reallocation\nin Thawing Subarctic Peatlands","author":"Fahnestock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geochem. Persp.\nLett."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026093015105264400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.10911","article-title":"Mercury and Methylmercury\nBiogeochemistry in a Thawing Permafrost Wetland Complex, Northwest\nTerritories","volume":"30","author":"Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canada. Hydrol. Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093015105264400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6710","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c04108","article-title":"Permafrost Thaw Increases\nMethylmercury Formation in\nSubarctic Fennoscandia","volume":"55","author":"Tarbier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093015105264400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6203","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06041","article-title":"Geochemical\nFactors Controlling Dissolved Elemental Mercury and Methylmercury\nFormation in Alaskan Wetlands of Varying Trophic Status","volume":"53","author":"Poulin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093015105264400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00032163","article-title":"The Relationships\nof Vegetation to Surface Water Chemistry\nand Peat Chemistry in Fens of Alberta","volume":"89","author":"Vitt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Canada.\nVegetatio"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093015105264400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12607","article-title":"Permafrost Conditions in Peatlands Regulate Magnitude,\nTiming, and Chemical Composition of Catchment Dissolved Organic Carbon\nExport","volume":"20","author":"Olefeldt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2025.118153","article-title":"Natural Organic\nMatter Dynamics in Permafrost Peatlands: Critical Overview of Recent\nFindings and Characterization Tools","volume":"184","author":"Folhas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends\nAnal. Chem."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2022.104104","article-title":"Thaw-Induced Impacts on Land and\nWater in Discontinuous Permafrost: A Review of the Taiga Plains and\nTaiga Shield","volume":"232","author":"Wright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Northwestern Canada. Earth-Sci.\nRev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093015105264400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.11366","article-title":"Biotic Formation of\nMethylmercury: A Bio\u2013Physico\u2013Chemical\nConundrum","volume":"65","author":"Bravo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093015105264400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1021\/es00035a029","article-title":"Sulfate Stimulation\nof Mercury Methylation\nin Freshwater Sediments","volume":"26","author":"Gilmour","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093015105264400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.1.457-464.2006","article-title":"Mercury Methylation\nfrom Unexpected Sources: Molybdate-Inhibited Freshwater Sediments\nand an Iron-Reducing Bacterium","volume":"72","author":"Fleming","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ.\nMicrobiol."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026093015105264400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11810","DOI":"10.1021\/es403075t","article-title":"Mercury Methylation by Novel Microorganisms\nfrom New\nEnvironments","volume":"47","author":"Gilmour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026093015105264400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7693","DOI":"10.1021\/es2010072","article-title":"Methanogens:\nPrincipal Methylators of Mercury in Lake Periphyton","volume":"45","author":"Hamelin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6125","key":"2026093015105264400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230667","article-title":"The Genetic\nBasis for Bacterial Mercury\nMethylation","volume":"339","author":"Parks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026093015105264400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.1021\/es4038484","article-title":"Dissolved\nOrganic Matter Kinetically\nControls Mercury Bioavailability to Bacteria","volume":"48","author":"Chiasson-Gould","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093015105264400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14255","article-title":"Molecular\nComposition of Organic\nMatter Controls Methylmercury Formation in Boreal Lakes","volume":"8","author":"Bravo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093015105264400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-022-00944-6","article-title":"Molecular Correlations of Dissolved Organic Matter\nwith Inorganic Mercury and Methylmercury in Canadian Boreal Streams","volume":"160","author":"Mangal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.12296","article-title":"Controls on Methylmercury\nConcentrations in Lakes and Streams of Peatland-rich Catchments along\na 1700 km Permafrost Gradient","volume":"68","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026093015105264400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4163","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.10206","article-title":"Changing Hydrologic\nConnectivity Due to Permafrost Thaw in the Lower Liard River Valley,\nNWT","volume":"28","author":"Connon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Canada. Hydrol. Process."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026093015105264400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.9358","article-title":"Total Waterborne Carbon\nExport and DOC Composition from Ten Nested Subarctic Peatland Catchments-Importance\nof Peatland Cover, Groundwater Influence, and Inter-Annual Variability\nof Precipitation Patterns","volume":"27","author":"Olefeldt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093015105264400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05051","article-title":"Methylmercury\nTransport and Fate Shows Strong Seasonal and Spatial Variability along\na High Arctic Freshwater Hydrologic Continuum","volume":"55","author":"Varty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026093015105264400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10523","DOI":"10.1021\/es300577e","article-title":"Methylmercury Cycling in High Arctic\nWetland Ponds: Controls on Sedimentary Production","volume":"46","author":"Lehnherr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026093015105264400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10514","DOI":"10.1021\/es300576p","article-title":"Methylmercury\nCycling in High Arctic Wetland Ponds: Sources and Sinks","volume":"46","author":"Lehnherr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179276","article-title":"Methylmercury\nConcentrations in a Degrading Lithalsa Field: Effects of Thermokarst\nDevelopment and Revegetation","volume":"976","author":"Cardinal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026093015105264400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11653","DOI":"10.1021\/es3015327","article-title":"Mercury Methylation Rates for Geochemically\nRelevant Hg II Species in Sediments","volume":"46","author":"Jonsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit35","unstructured":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.\n          .  National Ecological Framework for Canada\n- GIS Data, Ecozones; 2017. https:\/\/sis.agr.gc.ca\/cansis\/nsdb\/ecostrat\/gis_data.html (accessed 2022\u201301\u201310)."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7265\/skbg-kf16","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circum-Arctic Map\nof Permafrost and Ground-Ice Conditions"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026093015105264400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5086","article-title":"WorldClim 2: New 1-km Spatial Resolution Climate Surfaces\nfor Global Land Areas","volume":"37","author":"Fick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026093015105264400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20438","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916387117","article-title":"Large Stocks\nof Peatland Carbon and Nitrogen Are Vulnerable to Permafrost\nThaw","volume":"117","author":"Hugelius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit39","article-title":"Alberta\nWetland Classification System","author":"Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development.","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093015105264400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abe74b","article-title":"Mapping\nand Understanding the Vulnerability\nof Northern Peatlands to Permafrost Thaw at Scales Relevant to Community\nAdaptation Planning","volume":"16","author":"Gibson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026093015105264400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-25-3301-2021","article-title":"Long-Term Climate-Influenced Land Cover Change in Discontinuous\nPermafrost Peatland Complexes","volume":"25","author":"Carpino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth\nSyst. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026093015105264400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JG006910","article-title":"Limited Potential for\nMineralization of Permafrost Peatland Soil Carbon Following Thermokarst:\nEvidence From Anoxic Incubation and Priming Experiments","volume":"127","author":"Estop-Aragone\u0301s","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093015105264400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022WR033181","article-title":"Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity\nin Northern Peats Inferred From Other Measurements","volume":"58","author":"Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093015105264400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.1021\/es203901u","article-title":"Molecular Fractionation of Dissolved\nOrganic Matter with Metal Salts","volume":"46","author":"Riedel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093015105264400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2386","article-title":"From Mass to Structure: An Aromaticity Index for High-Resolution\nMass Data of Natural Organic Matter","volume":"20","author":"Koch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rapid Commun.\nMass Spectrom."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026093015105264400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5336","DOI":"10.1021\/ac034415p","article-title":"Graphical Method for Analysis of\nUltrahigh-Resolution Broadband Mass Spectra of Natural Organic Matter,\nthe Van Krevelen Diagram","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026093015105264400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-9295-9","article-title":"Molecular\nCharacterization of Phytoplankton\nDissolved Organic Matter (DOM) and Sulfur Components Using High Resolution\nOrbitrap Mass Spectrometry","volume":"408","author":"Mangal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093015105264400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9346-x","article-title":"Comparative Study of Organic Matter\nChemical Characterization Using Negative and Positive Mode Electrospray\nIonization Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry","volume":"408","author":"Ohno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093015105264400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-6734-3","article-title":"Influence of Heteroatom\nPre-Selection on the Molecular\nFormula Assignment of Soil Organic Matter Components Determined by\nUltrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry","volume":"405","author":"Ohno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal.\nBioanal. Chem."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5281\/ZENODO.5792919","article-title":"Irpeat: Simple Functions\nto Analyze Mid Infrared Spectra\nof Peat Samples","author":"Teickner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zenodo"},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit51","unstructured":"Thompson, L. M.; Olefeldt, D.; Mangal, V.; Knorr, K. H.\n          Soil and Porewater Chemistry\nfrom Peatlands of the Interior Plains, Northwestern Canada (Dataset)\n          University of Alberta Education & Research Archive, 2022.10.7939\/r3-vp5e-aj53."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093015105264400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s002160050433","article-title":"Application of Stable\nIsotopes in Environmental Tracer\nStudies - Measurement of Monomethylmercury (CH 3 Hg + ) by Isotope\nDilution ICP-MS and Detection of Species Transformation","volume":"358","author":"Hintelmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fresenius J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.541554","article-title":"An Improved\nhgcAB Primer Set and\nDirect High-Throughput Sequencing Expand Hg-Methylator Diversity in\nNature","volume":"11","author":"Gionfriddo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093015105264400_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky174","article-title":"GraftM: A Tool for Scalable, Phylogenetically\nInformed Classification of Genes within Metagenomes","volume":"46","author":"Boyd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit55","unstructured":"R Core Team.\n          .  R: A Language and Environment\nfor Statistical Computing, 2024. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit56","unstructured":"Oksanen, J.; Blanchet, F. G.; Kindt, R.; Legendre, P.; Minchin, P. R.; O\u2019Hara, R. B.; Simpson, G. L.; Solymos, P.; Stevens, M. H. H.; Wagner, H.\n          Vegan: Community\nEcology\nPackage. Ver 2.2\u20130., 2022. http:\/\/CRAN.Rproject.org\/package=vegan."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.car","author":"Fox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Car: Companion to Applied\nRegression"},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.emmeans","author":"Lenth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emmeans:\nEstimated\nMarginal Means, Aka Least-Squares Means"},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18129\/B9.BIOC.PHYLOSEQ","author":"McMurdie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Package 'phyloseq'"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093015105264400_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-5127-2021","article-title":"The Boreal-Arctic\nWetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD)","volume":"13","author":"Olefeldt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Syst.\nSci. Data"},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-025-02413-y","article-title":"Current and Future\nMethane Emissions from Boreal-Arctic Wetlands and Lakes","author":"Kuhn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit62","volume-title":"A National\nEcological Framework for Canada","author":"Ecological Stratification Working Group.","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2026093015105264400_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-011-9603-1","article-title":"Potential\nHg Methylation and MeHg Demethylation Rates Related to the Nutrient\nStatus of Different Boreal Wetlands","volume":"108","author":"Tjerngren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2026093015105264400_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2004.03.020","article-title":"Hydrologic Functions\nof Wetlands in a Discontinuous Permafrost Basin Indicated by Isotopic\nand Chemical Signatures","volume":"296","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026093015105264400_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.1369","article-title":"Connectivity and Storage Functions\nof Channel Fens and Flat Bogs in Northern Basins","volume":"17","author":"Quinton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093015105264400_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GB005471","article-title":"Mobility and\nTransport of Mercury\nand Methylmercury in Peat as a Function of Changes in Water Table\nRegime and Plant Functional Groups","volume":"31","author":"Haynes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem.\nCycles"},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit67","unstructured":"Harris, L. I.; Schulze, C.; Marouelli, K.; Thompson, L.; Shewan, R.; Olefeldt, D.\n          Greenhouse Gas Flux Data\nfor Peatlands in Northwest Territories and Northern Alberta, 2021\n          University of Alberta Education & Research Archive, 2025.10.7939\/r3-sv9j-3y58."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114398","article-title":"Formation\nand Mobilization\nof Methylmercury across Natural and Experimental Sulfur Deposition\nGradients","volume":"263","author":"\u00c5kerblom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093015105264400_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.256","article-title":"Peat: Home to Novel\nSyntrophic Species That Feed Acetate- and Hydrogen-Scavenging Methanogens","volume":"10","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026093015105264400_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025GL115080","article-title":"Coupling\nBetween\nMethylmercury and Carbon-Gases Across Boreal Rivers of Que\u0301bec,\nCanada","volume":"52","author":"Campeau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.04.069","article-title":"Warming Increases Methylmercury\nProduction in an Arctic Soil","volume":"214","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00072","article-title":"Sulfate-Reducing\nMicroorganisms in Wetlands \u2013 Fameless Actors in Carbon Cycling\nand Climate Change","volume":"3","author":"Pester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbio."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026093015105264400_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-024-01584-1","article-title":"Redox Control\non Rhizosphere Priming in Wetlands","volume":"17","author":"Mueller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093015105264400_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2007.12.020","article-title":"Assessing Sulfate\nand Carbon Controls on Net Methylmercury Production in Peatlands:\nAn in Situ Mesocosm Approach","volume":"23","author":"Mitchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"S1","key":"2026093015105264400_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10722","article-title":"High Methylmercury\nFormation in Ponds Fueled by Fresh Humic and Algal Derived Organic\nMatter: High Methylmercury Formation in Ponds","volume":"63","author":"Herrero Ortega","year":"2018","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026093015105264400_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14165","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b03735","article-title":"Contribution\nof Peatland Permafrost\nto Dissolved Organic Matter along a Thaw Gradient in North Siberia","volume":"53","author":"Gandois","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.02.043","article-title":"Mechanisms\nof Algal Biomass Input Enhanced Microbial Hg Methylation in Lake Sediments","volume":"126","author":"Lei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023WR034848","article-title":"Concentrations\nand Yields of Mercury,\nMethylmercury, and Dissolved Organic Carbon from Contrasting Catchments\nin the Discontinuous Permafrost Region, Western Canada","volume":"59","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093015105264400_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.14572","article-title":"Using Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence to Predict\nTotal Mercury and Methylmercury in Forested Headwater Streams, Sleepers\nRiver, Vermont USA","volume":"36","author":"Shanley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093015105264400_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-021-00790-y","article-title":"Differential\nEffects of Redox Conditions on the Decomposition of Litter and Soil\nOrganic Matter","volume":"154","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026093015105264400_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-15-1733-2018","article-title":"Molecular Characterization\nof Organic Matter Mobilized from Bangladeshi Aquifer Sediment: Tracking\nCarbon Compositional Change during Microbial Utilization","volume":"15","author":"Pracht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093015105264400_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02403-17","article-title":"Robust Mercury Methylation\nacross Diverse Methanogenic\nArchaea","volume":"9","author":"Gilmour","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026093015105264400_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8649","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06389","article-title":"Determining\nthe Reliability of Measuring\nMercury Cycling Gene Abundance with Correlations with Mercury and\nMethylmercury Concentrations","volume":"53","author":"Christensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026093015105264400_cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146841","article-title":"Coupled Hydrological and Geochemical\nImpacts of Wildfire in Peatland-Dominated Regions of Discontinuous\nPermafrost","volume":"782","author":"Ackley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c04510","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/59\/36\/19457\/68344689\/acs.est.5c04510.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/59\/36\/19457\/68344689\/acs.est.5c04510.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:24:43Z","timestamp":1790796283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/59\/36\/19457\/3668181\/Production-of-Methylmercury-in-Peatlands-Following"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c04510","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]}}}