{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T19:24:16Z","timestamp":1787081056266,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42330702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42330702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42407291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42407291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Introduction Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program","award":["2023ZT10L102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZT10L102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The characteristics and responses of bacteria aerosolized from aquatic to atmospheric environments are poorly understood. In this study, three antibiotic-resistant bacteria (cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant, polymyxin B (MCR)-resistant, and gentamycin (GEN)-resistant Escherichia coli DH5\u03b1) were used to explore microbial aerosolization responses and mechanisms. E. coli bioaerosols had improved resistance to aerosolizing stress through carrying antibiotic resistance genes, developing different phenotype distributions, including wild-type, small colony variant (SCV), and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) subpopulations. E. coli DH5\u03b1 (CTX) bioaerosols showed the highest percentage of VBNCs (15.1%), while those E. coli DH5\u03b1 (GEN) bioaerosols showed the highest percentage of SCVs (13.4%). A consistent variation of reduced growth and metabolic activity but increased ATP accumulation and ROS content was observed across SCVs of all strains. Notably, the SCVs of GEN-resistant E. coli exhibited the most pronounced ATP accumulation and a significant upregulation of protein synthesis genes. Collectively, oxidative stress responses were activated to defend against stress in E. coli bioaerosols and promoted the formation of dormant subpopulations (SCV and VBNC). However, a divergent mechanistic was observed: up-regulation of cell wall synthesis genes promoted VBNC formation, while up-regulation of protein synthesis genes promoted SCV formation. These findings highlight that antibiotic resistance in aquatic bacteria contributes to the formation of different dormant subpopulations in bioaerosols that pose different risks to ecosystems and human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c06017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:04:03Z","timestamp":1760144643000},"page":"22145-22156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Response and Formation\nMechanism of Highly Antibiotic-Resistant\nDormant Subpopulations in Bioaerosol during Aerosolizing from Aquatic\nEnvironments"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6777-4786","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guiying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]},{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhishu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]},{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6918-8070","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taicheng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]},{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"2026081812160667400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.002","article-title":"A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes\nand antimicrobial resistance","volume":"184","author":"Danko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108704","article-title":"Mariculture waters\nas yet another\nhotbed for the creation and transfer of new antibiotic-resistant pathogenome","volume":"187","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026081812160667400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10426","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c03768","article-title":"Effects of antibiotic\nresistance\ngenes and antibiotics on the transport and deposition behaviors of\nbacteria in porous media","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026081812160667400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17937","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c06752","article-title":"Photocatalysis\nInhibits the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria\nin an antibiotic-resistant bacterial community in aquatic environments","volume":"58","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081812160667400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c04999","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone\nresidues in the environment rapidly induce heritable fluoroquinolone\nresistance in Escherichia coli","volume":"57","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081812160667400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7040","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c07023","article-title":"Inhalable antibiotic\nresistome from wastewater treatment plants to urban areas: bacterial\nhosts, dissemination risks, and source contributions","volume":"56","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081812160667400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10975","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02204","article-title":"Global survey\nof antibiotic resistance genes in air","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147128","article-title":"Contributions of meat waste decomposition to the abundance and diversity\nof pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes in the atmosphere","volume":"784","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106559","article-title":"Bioaerosol is an important\ntransmission\nroute of antibiotic resistance genes in pig farms","volume":"154","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122535","article-title":"Microwave-induced\nrelease and degradation of airborne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)\nfrom Escherichia coli bioaerosol based\non microwave absorbing material","volume":"394","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.123169","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance\ngenes associated with size-segregated bioaerosols from wastewater\ntreatment plants: A review","volume":"343","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081812160667400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9027","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c11774","article-title":"Airborne bacteria over thawing permafrost\nlandscapes in the Arctic","volume":"59","author":"Nieto-Caballero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123162","article-title":"Aerosol particles released\nfrom grit chambers of nine urban wastewater treatment plants in typical\nregions: Fugitive characteristics, quantitative drivers, and generation\nprocess","volume":"274","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026081812160667400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19965","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04681","article-title":"Pathogenic bacteria\nare the primary determinants shaping\nPM2.5-borne resistomes in the municipal food waste treatment\nsystem","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081812160667400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14668","article-title":"Bioaerosol generation by raindrops on soil","volume":"8","author":"Joung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081812160667400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04409-z","article-title":"Taxon-specific aerosolization of\nbacteria and viruses in an experimental ocean-atmosphere mesocosm","volume":"9","author":"Michaud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081812160667400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05493","article-title":"Tandem fluorescence measurements of organic matter\nand bacteria released in sea spray aerosols","volume":"55","author":"Santander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118037","article-title":"Multi-antibiotic\nresistant bacteria\nin landfill bioaerosols: environmental conditions and biological risk\nassessment","volume":"290","author":"Morgado-Gamero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105914","article-title":"The prevalence\nof drug-resistant and virulent Staphylococcus spp.\nin a municipal wastewater treatment\nplant and their spread in the environment","volume":"143","author":"Zielin\u0301ski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ.\nInt."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081812160667400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112924119","article-title":"Submicron drops from\nflapping bursting bubbles","volume":"119","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad.\nSci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.06.006","article-title":"Airborne contamination\nin the food industry: an update on monitoring and disinfection techniques\nof air","volume":"90","author":"Masotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.119624","article-title":"ADMS simulation\nand influencing factors\nof bioaerosol diffusion from BRT under different aeration modes in\nsix wastewater treatment plants","volume":"231","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121764","article-title":"Global diversity\nof airborne pathogenic bacteria and\nfungi from wastewater treatment plants","volume":"258","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water\nRes."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.599739","article-title":"Study on the viable\nbut non-culturable (VBNC) state formation of Staphylococcus\naureus and its control in food system","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.966207","article-title":"Formic acid,\nan organic acid food preservative, induces viable-but-non-culturable\nstate, and triggers new Antimicrobial Resistance traits in Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella\npneumoniae","volume":"13","author":"Yadav","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01028","article-title":"Persistence of Staphylococcus\naureus: multiple metabolic pathways impact the expression\nof virulence factors in Small-Colony Variants (SCVs)","volume":"11","author":"Tuchscherr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.133706","article-title":"Airborne\nsurvival and stress response\nin Listeria monocytogenes across different\ngrowth temperatures","volume":"468","author":"Yong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081812160667400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9083-5","article-title":"Differential gene expression in Escherichia\ncoli during aerosolization from liquid\nsuspension","volume":"102","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136160","article-title":"Antibiotic\nresistance at environmental multi-media interfaces through integrated\ngenotype and phenotype analysis","volume":"480","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081812160667400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48006-9","article-title":"Evolution of triclosan resistance\nmodulates bacterial permissiveness to multidrug resistance plasmids\nand phages","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081812160667400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.4c00603","article-title":"Different fitness costs during biofilm\ngrowth from antibiotic-resistant\nbacteria to antibiotic-sensitive bacteria under the toxicity stress\nof copper substrate","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Water"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081812160667400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav9462","article-title":"Single-cell imaging and characterization of Escherichia coli persister cells to ofloxacin in\nexponential cultures","volume":"5","author":"Goormaghtigh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136142","article-title":"Insights into\nbioaerosol contamination in the process of mineralized refuse mining:\nMicrobial aerosolization behavior and potential pathogenicity","volume":"480","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.122580","article-title":"Photocatalytic inactivation of airborne\nbacteria onto g-C3N4\/TiO2\/Ni-polydopamine\/Ni\nbifunctional coupling\nfilter with non-size dependent capture effect","volume":"329","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105497","article-title":"Natural sphalerite nanoparticles can accelerate horizontal transfer\nof plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistance genes","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081812160667400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820252883775","article-title":"A note on the effect of nebulization\ntime and pressure\non the culturability of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens","volume":"36","author":"Stone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2014.01.002","article-title":"A systematic comparison of four bioaerosol\ngenerators: Affect on culturability and cell membrane integrity when\naerosolizing Escherichia coli bacteria","volume":"70","author":"Zhen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110895","article-title":"Extracellular\npH decline introduced by high pressure carbon dioxide is a main factor\ninducing bacteria to enter viable but non-culturable state","volume":"151","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081812160667400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2021.1877062","article-title":"Persistence\nand environmental geochemistry transformation of antibiotic-resistance\nbacteria\/genes in water at the interface of natural minerals with\nlight irradiation","volume":"52","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164294","article-title":"Induction of bacteria\nin biofilm\ninto a VBNC state by chlorine and monitoring of biofilm structure\nchanges by means of OCT","volume":"891","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081812160667400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.01.021","article-title":"Quantification\nof within-patient Staphylococcus aureus phenotypic heterogeneity as a proxy for the presence of persisters\nacross clinical presentations","volume":"28","author":"Ba\u0308r","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol.\nInfect."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116499","article-title":"Resistance and induction of viable\nbut non culturable states (VBNC) during inactivation of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by addition of H2O2 to natural well water\nunder simulated solar irradiation","volume":"188","author":"Alvear-Daza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1259296","article-title":"Persistent\nciprofloxacin exposure induced the transformation of Klebsiella pneumoniae small colony variant into mucous\nphenotype","volume":"13","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081812160667400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1039\/D2AN02047E","article-title":"Monitoring\nbacterial spore metabolic activity using heavy water-induced Raman\npeak evolution","volume":"148","author":"O\u0308berg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081812160667400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00659-22","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance via bacterial\ncell shape-shifting","volume":"13","author":"Ojkic","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081812160667400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2319","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and its cost:\nis it possible\nto reverse resistance?","volume":"8","author":"Andersson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121200","article-title":"The stress response\nmechanisms of biofilm formation under sub-lethal photocatalysis","volume":"307","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2022.100808","article-title":"Defining bacterial heterogeneity\nand dormancy with\nthe parallel use of single-cell and population level approaches","volume":"44","author":"Arvaniti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin Food Sci."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081812160667400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2021.1932397","article-title":"Formation\nmechanisms\nof viable but nonculturable bacteria through induction by light-based\ndisinfection and their antibiotic resistance gene transfer risk: a\nreview","volume":"52","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081812160667400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2023.04.009","article-title":"Viable but nonculturable\n(VBNC) state, an underestimated and controversial microbial survival\nstrategy","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081812160667400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1384","article-title":"Small colony\nvariants: a pathogenic\nform of bacteria that facilitates persistent and recurrent infections","volume":"4","author":"Proctor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081812160667400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01898","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01898-22","article-title":"Transcriptome\nand proteome\nof methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants reveal changed metabolism and increased immune\nevasion","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081812160667400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00358-17","article-title":"Alternative evolutionary\npathways for drug-resistant small colony variant mutants in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"40","key":"2026081812160667400_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17990","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c08211","article-title":"Natural\norganic matter enhances natural transformation of extracellular antibiotic\nresistance genes in sunlit water","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"6318","key":"2026081812160667400_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf4268","article-title":"Mechanisms of bacterial persistence\nduring stress and antibiotic exposure","volume":"354","author":"Harms","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2022.106017","article-title":"Aerosolization triggers\nimmediate antibiotic resistance\nin bacteria","volume":"164","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081812160667400_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01074-22","article-title":"Stress-Induced mutagenesis,\ngambler cells, and stealth targeting antibiotic-Induced evolution","volume":"13","author":"Pribis","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106182","article-title":"Role of bacterial efflux pump proteins in antibiotic resistance across\nmicrobial species","volume":"181","author":"Kumawat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2020.118829","article-title":"Accelerated\nevolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance through\nearly emerged stress responses driven by photocatalytic oxidation","volume":"269","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.019","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistance\ngene transfer in antibiotic-resistance bacteria\nunder different light irradiation: Implications from oxidative stress\nand gene expression","volume":"149","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081812160667400_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51144-9","article-title":"Restriction of arginine\ninduces antibiotic tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"15","author":"Freiberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118407","article-title":"Response mechanisms\nof different antibiotic-resistant bacteria with different resistance\naction targets to the stress from photocatalytic oxidation","volume":"218","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121837","article-title":"Mechanism of antibiotic resistance\nspread during sub-lethal ozonation\nof antibiotic-resistant bacteria with different resistance targets","volume":"259","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081812160667400_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.04.010","article-title":"Coupling of ribosome synthesis and translational capacity\nwith cell\ngrowth","volume":"45","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081812160667400_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103128","article-title":"Sleeping ribosomes:\nBacterial signaling triggers RaiA mediated persistence to aminoglycosides","volume":"24","author":"Lang","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00099","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variants (SCVs): a road map for the metabolic pathways\ninvolved in persistent infections","volume":"4","author":"Proctor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell.\nInfect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081812160667400_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02718-09","article-title":"Role of Antioxidant\nenzymes in bacterial resistance to organic acids","volume":"76","author":"Bruno-Ba\u0301rcena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081812160667400_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.05.055","article-title":"Induction of Escherichia\ncoli into a VBNC state through chlorination\/chloramination\nand differences in characteristics of the bacterium between states","volume":"142","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c06017","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/59\/41\/22145\/41035435\/es5c06017.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/59\/41\/22145\/41035435\/es5c06017.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T18:28:01Z","timestamp":1787077681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/59\/41\/22145\/3670021\/Response-and-Formation-Mechanism-of-Highly"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c06017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]}}}