{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:22:57Z","timestamp":1785212577485,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007047","name":"Norway Grants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["289440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["289440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["874627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c08849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T09:33:05Z","timestamp":1769074385000},"page":"3326-3338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Education, Employment, Income, and Urban\u2013Rural Differences as Drivers of Social Inequalities in Environmental Exposures: Evidence from the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0466-0020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gauthier","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EQUITY Team, Centre d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Recherche en sant\u00e9 des POPulations CERPOPUMR1295","place":["Toulouse, France"]},{"name":"Inserm\u2212Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Lepage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EQUITY Team, Centre d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Recherche en sant\u00e9 des POPulations CERPOPUMR1295","place":["Toulouse, France"]},{"name":"Inserm\u2212Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5974-2007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kees","family":"de Hoogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","place":["Allschwil, Switzerland"]},{"name":"University of Basel","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9403-5241","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruben","family":"Colindres Zuehlke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health","place":["London, U.K"]},{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["London, U.K"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Guntoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health","place":["London, U.K"]},{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["London, U.K"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lola","family":"Neufcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EQUITY Team, Centre d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Recherche en sant\u00e9 des POPulations CERPOPUMR1295","place":["Toulouse, France"]},{"name":"Inserm\u2212Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6974-5663","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health","place":["London, U.K"]},{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["London, U.K"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6598-2822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rin","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health","place":["London, U.K"]},{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["London, U.K"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4082-8163","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roel","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Utrecht University","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Kelly-Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EQUITY Team, Centre d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Recherche en sant\u00e9 des POPulations CERPOPUMR1295","place":["Toulouse, France"]},{"name":"Inserm\u2212Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrille","family":"Delpierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EQUITY Team, Centre d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Recherche en sant\u00e9 des POPulations CERPOPUMR1295","place":["Toulouse, France"]},{"name":"Inserm\u2212Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8341-5436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc","family":"Chadeau-Hyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health","place":["London, U.K"]},{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["London, U.K"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0067-6775","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rapha\u00eble","family":"Castagn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EQUITY Team, Centre d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Recherche en sant\u00e9 des POPulations CERPOPUMR1295","place":["Toulouse, France"]},{"name":"Inserm\u2212Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0707519"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.03.023"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.05.003"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500240084031"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","volume-title":"Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health: Commission on Social Determinants of Health Final Report","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0456"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11015"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7088.1194"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14301\/llcs.v4i2.236"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.1.44"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.024562"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303100"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08107.x"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202203109"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","volume-title":"Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience.","author":"Elder G. H.","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2021-216430"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23251042.2016.1220848"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-015-0069-5"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16061011"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071216"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111487"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176175"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.04.122"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2024.101630"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101194"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2862"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117275"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199901000-00008"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa213"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12061-022-09486-8"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.023531"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.028092"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","unstructured":"International Standard Classification of\nEducation (ISCED). https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) (accessed Jun 13, 2025)."},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.02.037"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es301948k"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.02.031"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.07.031"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","unstructured":"Morton, D.; Rowland, C.; Wood, C.; Meek, L.; Marston, C.; Smith, G.; Wadsworth, R.; Simpson, I. C.\n                      Final Report for LCM2007 - the New UK Land Cover Map. Countryside Survey Technical Report No 11\/07\n                      ; Natural Environment Research Council, 2011."},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173127"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0314-5"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.06.040"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2011.02.002"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181567d14"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31819464e1"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00258-9"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.036533"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20368"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13090724"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2010.117408"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3813\/AAA.918300"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102573"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104603"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070740"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.02.006"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080916"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.023531"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001316"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","volume-title":"Air Pollution in the UK 2023","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.103112"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c08849","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c08849","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:15:33Z","timestamp":1770110133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c08849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.5c08849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c08849","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]}}}