{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:17:35Z","timestamp":1792606655417,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011735","name":"Bioenergy Technologies Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-06CH11357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-06CH11357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011735","name":"Bioenergy Technologies Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-NL0040198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-NL0040198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zero Emission Shipping Mission effort by Mission Innovation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c08873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T17:48:29Z","timestamp":1761241709000},"page":"23239-23250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Life Cycle Assessment of Methanol from Fossil, Biomass, and Waste Sources, and Its Use as a Marine Fuel in Dual-Fuel Engines"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6279-5545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farhad H.","family":"Masum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory","place":["Lemont, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9110-2410","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric C.D.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","place":["Golden, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Kolodziej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory","place":["Lemont, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6897-175X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Troy R.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory","place":["Lemont, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","unstructured":"Hoffmann, J.; Asariotis, R.; Assaf, M.; Benamara, H.\n                      Review of Maritime Transport 2018: Report by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development\n                      ; 2018. https:\/\/unctad.org\/system\/files\/official-document\/rmt2018_en.pdf (accessed 2025\u201310\u201301)."},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","unstructured":"UNCTAD\n                      Review of Maritime Transport 2024. Maritime trade rebounds,\nbut geopolitical and climate risks persist\n                      ; 2024. https:\/\/unctad.org\/publication\/review-maritime-transport-2024 (accessed 2025\u201303\u201325)."},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","unstructured":"Smith, T.; Jalkanen, J.; Anderson, B.; Corbett, J.; Faber, J.; Hanayama, S.; O\u2019Keeffe, E.; Parker, S.; Johansson, L.; Aldous, L.; Raucci, C.; Traut, M.; Ettinger, S.; Nelissen, D.; Lee, D.; Ng, S.; Agrawal, A.; Winebrake, J.; Hoen, M.; Pandey, A.\n                      Third IMO GHG Study 2014: Executive Summary and Final Report\n                      ; 2014. https:\/\/wwwcdn.imo.org\/localresources\/en\/OurWork\/Environment\/Documents\/ThirdGreenhouseGasStudy\/GHG3ExecutiveSummaryandReport.pdf (accessed 2025\u201310\u201301)."},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","unstructured":"IMO\n                      Adoption of the Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG\nEmissions from Ships and Existing IMO Activity Related to Reducing\nGHG Emissions in the Shipping Sector: Note by the International Maritime\nOrganization to the UNFCCC Talanoa Dialogue\n                      ; 2018. https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/250_IMOsubmission_TalanoaDialogue_April2018.pdf (accessed 2022\u201301\u201326)."},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","unstructured":"Precedence Research\n                      Bunker Fuel Market Poised for Steady Growth\nas Clean Energy and Global Trade Drive Transformation\n                      ; 2025. https:\/\/www.precedenceresearch.com\/bunker-fuel-market (accessed 2025\u201310\u201301)."},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","unstructured":"UNCTAD\n                      Maritime Profile: United States of America\n                      . STAT. https:\/\/unctadstat.unctad.org\/CountryProfile\/MaritimeProfile\/en-GB\/842\/index.html (accessed 2024\u201303\u201315)."},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1357\/1\/012014"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","unstructured":"Engineering Toolbox\n                      Methanol - Thermophysical Properties\n                      . https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/methanol-methyl-alcohol-properties-CH3OH-d_2031.html (accessed 2023\u201305\u201330)."},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","unstructured":"Methanol Institute\n                      Methanol As A Marine Fuel Report\n                      ; 2015. https:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/FCBI-Methanol-Marine-Fuel-Report-Final-English.pdf (accessed 2025\u201310\u201301)."},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.06.017"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","unstructured":"DNV\n                      Methanol as fuel heads for the mainstream\nin shipping\n                      . Maritime Impact. https:\/\/www.dnv.com\/expert-story\/maritime-impact\/Methanol-as-fuel-heads-for-the-mainstream-in-shipping.html (accessed 2023\u201305\u201330)."},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","first-page":"1","author":"American Methanol Institute; Malcolm Pirnie Inc","year":"1999","journal-title":"Evaluation of the Fate and Transport of Methanol in the Environment"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","unstructured":"Ramne, B.; Bomanson, J.; Molander, P.; Ellis, J.; Errestad, E.; Klintenberg, H.\n                      GreenPilot \u2013 Pilot Boat with Minimal Environmental Impact\n                      ; 2019. https:\/\/smtf.se\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/D8.3-Final-Report-ver20181128-with-appendices2.pdf."},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","unstructured":"Seatrade\n                      First methanol-powered diesel engine debuted\nby MAN D&T\n                      . Maritime. https:\/\/www.seatrade-maritime.com\/tankers\/first-methanol-powered-diesel-engine-debuted-by-man-d-t (accessed 2023\u201307\u201305)."},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","unstructured":"Maersk\n                      Maersk to deploy first large methanol-enabled vessel on\nAsia - Europe trade lane\n                      . Press Releases. https:\/\/www.maersk.com\/news\/articles\/2023\/12\/07\/maersk-to-deploy-first-large-methanol-enabled-vessel-on-asia-europe-trade-lane (accessed 2024\u201304\u201309)."},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","unstructured":"DNV\n                      Energy Transition Outlook 2024: Maritime Forecast To 2050\n                      ; 2024. https:\/\/www.isesassociation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/DNV_Maritime_Forecast_2050_2024-final-3.pdf (accessed 2025\u201310\u201301)."},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","unstructured":"Stena Line\n                      world\u2032s first methanol ferry. Affordable and Clean\nEnergy\n                      . https:\/\/www.stenaline.com\/media\/stories\/the-worlds-first-methanol-ferry\/ (accessed 2023\u201304\u201321)."},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","unstructured":"DNV\n                      DNV GL welcomes Lindanger to fleet \u2013 world\u2019s\nfirst methanol fuelled ocean-going vessel\n                      . Maritime. https:\/\/www.dnv.com\/news\/dnv-gl-welcomes-lindanger-to-fleet-world-s-first-methanol-fuelled-ocean-going-vessel-63157 (accessed 2023\u201305\u201331)."},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","unstructured":"Maersk\n                      Maersk orders six methanol powered vessels\n                      . Press\nReleases. https:\/\/www.maersk.com\/news\/articles\/2023\/06\/26\/maersk-orders-six-methanol-powered-vessels (accessed 2024\u201307\u201322)."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref20\/cit20.1","unstructured":"IMO Interim Guidelines for the Safety of Ships Using Methyl\/Ethyl Alcohol as Fuel (MSC.1\/Circ. 1621)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref20\/cit20.2","unstructured":"London, 2020. https:\/\/www.register-iri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/MSC.1-Circ.1621.pdf."},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","unstructured":"ISO\n                      ISO\/CD 22120: Ships and marine technology\n- Specification\nfor bunkering of methanol fuelled vessels\n                      . https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/86958.html (accessed 2024\u201304\u201309)."},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","unstructured":"Maritime Executive\n                      China Merchants Orders Large, Methanol-Fueled\nVehicle Ro-Ros\n                      . https:\/\/maritime-executive.com\/article\/china-merchants-orders-large-methanol-fueled-vehicle-ro-ros (accessed 2023\u201304\u201321)."},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","unstructured":"Maritime Executive\n                      COSCO Orders 12 Ultra-Large, Green Methanol\nContainerships for $2.9B\n                      . https:\/\/maritime-executive.com\/article\/cosco-orders-12-ultra-large-green-methanol-containerships-for-2-9b (accessed 2023\u201304\u201321)."},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","unstructured":"Splash\n                      HMM Readies Methanol-Fuelled NewBuilds\n                      . Containers. https:\/\/splash247.com\/hmm-readies-methanol-fuelled-newbuilds\/ (accessed 2023\u201304\u201321)."},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","volume-title":"Carbon Footprint of Methanol - Report Prepared for Methanol Institute","author":"Hamelinck C.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","volume-title":"Summary of Expansions and Updates in R&D GREET\u00ae 2024","author":"Wang M.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","volume-title":"Documentation and Assumptions for NavigaTE 1.0","author":"MMMC","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2790\/658143"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2022-01-1093"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","unstructured":"Methanex\n                      Methanex posts regional contract methanol prices for Europe,\nNorth America, Asia and China\n                      . Pricing. https:\/\/www.methanex.com\/about-methanol\/pricing\/ (accessed 2023\u201305\u201331)."},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","unstructured":"Ship&Bunker\n                      LA\/Long Beach Bunker Prices\n                      . https:\/\/shipandbunker.com\/prices\/am\/nampac\/us-lax-la-long-beach#VLSFO (accessed 2023\u201301\u201311)."},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","author":"IPCC","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climate Change 2023 Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.6b02724"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.1710"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.1611"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/1566063"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127653"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/1327830"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/1036091"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","volume-title":"Aspen Plus IGCC Model","author":"AspenTech","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c06141"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","unstructured":"IMO\n                      Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) \u2013 Regulation 13\n                      . https:\/\/www.imo.org\/en\/OurWork\/Environment\/Pages\/Nitrogen-oxides-(NOx)-Regulation-13.aspx (accessed 2024\u201304\u201310)."},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/1887586"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23720\/BT2023\/2316165"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","unstructured":"CBO\n                      Carbon Capture and Storage in the United States\n                      ; 2023. https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/system\/files\/2023-12\/59345-carbon-capture-storage.pdf (accessed 2025\u201310\u201301)."},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","unstructured":"Methanol Institute\n                      China: The Leader in Methanol Transportation\n- A Look at the Growth and Prominence of Methanol Use\n                      ; Washington DC, 2020. https:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/China-Methanol-Fact-Sheet-1.pdf (accessed 2025\u201310\u201301)."},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","unstructured":"IEF\n                      Here\u2019s Why China is Betting Big on Methanol: International\nEnergy Forum\n                      . https:\/\/www.ief.org\/news\/heres-why-china-is-betting-big-on-methanol (accessed 2024\u201304\u201308)."},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","unstructured":"The White House\n                      Long Term Strategy of the United STates: Pathways to Net-Zero\nGreenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050\n                      ; Washington\nDC, 2021. https:\/\/bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/US-Long-Term-Strategy.pdf (accessed 2025\u201310\u201301)."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c08873","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c08873","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T09:13:10Z","timestamp":1762247590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c08873"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"43","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.5c08873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c08873","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]}}}