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However, the occurrence and accumulation of ROS production in O2-perturbed lake sediments are poorly documented. Herein, we investigated ROS production in oxygenated sediments from the sediment-water interface to a depth of 41 cm at 14 different sites in Lake Taihu, China. Results showed that ROS exhibited distinct depth-dependent variations, such that the concentrations of H2O2 and \u2022OH increased with increasing depth, while those of O2\u2022\u2013 peaked in 11\u201316 cm range. Autoclaving sterilization experiments revealed that the proportion of biotic ROS declined while those of abiotic ROS increased with increasing depth, with specific contribution determined by sediment characteristics. Surface-disturbed sediments contained rich and active microbial communities, with biotic processes contributing significantly to ROS production. Abiotic process became the dominant contributor in deep-disturbed sediments due to more reduced components. Random forest and partial least-squares path model analyses further demonstrated that physicochemical properties and bacteria community were primary drivers for ROS production in sediments. Moreover, the generated \u2022OH significantly promoted the abiotic mineralization of sediment organic carbon, accounting for 7.0\u201332.4% of CO2 efflux. Our research expanded ROS distribution and demonstrated mechanisms for ROS production in lake sediments, which can contribute to a deeper understanding of the carbon cycle as well as pollutant attenuation in lake ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c11533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:02:05Z","timestamp":1789365725000},"page":"26439-26450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disturbance-Driven\nReactive Oxygen Species Generation\nPromotes Organic Carbon Mineralization in Sediments of Lake Taihu"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Wenkang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Normal University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210008"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4643-7361","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Na","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Normal University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huacheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210008"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0404-334X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kunliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Normal University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210008"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4981","key":"2026092210110415900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1126\/science.250.4981.661","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical photoproduction in the sea and its potential impact\non marine processes","volume":"250","author":"Mopper","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210110415900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35818-4","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species affect the\npotential for mineralization processes in permeable intertidal flats","volume":"14","author":"van Erk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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