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By integrating depth-resolved geochemistry with metagenomic profiling in Lake Tosen, we identified a redox framework for As cycling that is not fully explained by the Fe-centric model derived from groundwater and freshwater. In summer, oxic-suboxic-anoxic stratification supported three distinct pathways: (i) oxic waters exhibited a microbial detoxification-oxidation loop sustaining As(V) dominance; (ii) suboxic waters were associated with nitrate-supported As(III) oxidation linked to denitrifying taxa; and (iii) anoxic sulfidic waters showed sulfate-reduction-related As transformation, with sulfur cycling likely modifying the fate and mobility of released As under sulfidic conditions. Meanwhile, canonical Fe(III)-respiration markers were not prominent, and saturation indices indicated stable goethite\/hematite under in situ conditions. Together, these findings indicate that, under the observed stratified conditions in Lake Tosen, nitrate- and sulfate-associated pathways were more closely linked to arsenic transformation than canonical Fe(III)-respiration signals. This nonclassical coupling may become increasingly relevant as stratification, nitrate loading, and salinization intensify, with implications for As risk prediction in endorheic basins under changing climates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c14935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T01:01:20Z","timestamp":1787187680000},"page":"28001-28012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depth-Resolved Metagenomics\nReveals Nitrate- and Sulfate-Mediated\nArsenic Transformation in Lake Tosen, a Stratified Saline Lake on\nthe Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Dongli","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guiyang, China, 550081"]},{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3857-4053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7285-2980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mengdi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510530"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuecheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhao","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5398-8169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haibo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guiyang, China, 550081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1911-8390","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100609062988400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129017","article-title":"Arsenic and Uranium Contamination of Orog Lake in the\nValley of Gobi Lakes, Mongolia: Field Evidence of Conservative Accumulation\nof U in an Alkaline, Closed-Basin Lake during Evaporation","volume":"436","author":"Gankhurel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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