{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:14:40Z","timestamp":1790291680521,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101116116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101116116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001717","name":"Universiteit Leiden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202208310075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208310075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c17941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T13:32:01Z","timestamp":1780925521000},"page":"17181-17191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Embodied Transboundary Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities of over 700 Belt and Road Initiative Projects"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1642-6340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lingli","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML)","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"Leiden University","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomer","family":"Fishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML)","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"Leiden University","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Merciai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML)","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"Leiden University","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"2.-0 LCA Consultants","place":["Aalborg, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6072-3679","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takuma","family":"Watari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML)","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"Leiden University","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"Material Cycles Division","place":["Tsukuba, Japan"]},{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies","place":["Tsukuba, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1862-2927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML)","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"Leiden University","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0788-9570","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ester","family":"van der Voet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML)","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"Leiden University","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asaf","family":"Tzachor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sustainability","place":["Herzliya, Israel"]},{"name":"Reichman University","place":["Herzliya, Israel"]},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER)","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"University of Cambridge","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry","place":["Shenyang, China"]},{"name":"Northeastern University","place":["Shenyang, China"]},{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)","place":["Canberra, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1145-9605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Ecological Security of Regions and Cities, Institute of Urban Environment","place":["Xiamen, China"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Xiamen, China"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, School of the Environment","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Institute for the Environment and Health","place":["Suzhou, China"]},{"name":"Nanjing University Suzhou Campus","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML)","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"Leiden University","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, School of the Environment","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Institute for the Environment and Health","place":["Suzhou, China"]},{"name":"Nanjing University Suzhou Campus","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0256-8"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2212-5671(15)00322-6"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Timilsina, G.; Hochman, G.; Song, Z.\n                      Infrastructure, Economic Growth, and Poverty: A Review\n                      ; World Bank: Washington, D.C., 2020;10.1596\/1813-9450-9258.","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-9258"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1613773114"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.139742"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.06.001"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2020.02.005"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-018-0059-3"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","unstructured":"Belt and Road Portal.\n                      Belt and Road Initiative: A Key Pillar of\nthe Global Community of Shared Future\n                      ; Belt\nand Road Portal: Beijing, China, 2023; https:\/\/eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn\/p\/067IQJQ4.html (accessed Oct 29, 2023)."},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2018.12.008"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2019.102415"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2346.12660"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0452-8"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-0528-3"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023EF003972"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao0312"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-01309-0"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2025.108217"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2021.107260"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.132110"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110250"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.115934"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111321"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c04142"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2023.103276"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-025-02276-3"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13317"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.12.006"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/4\/2\/024008"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137904"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","unstructured":"Belt and Road\nPortal.\n                      Belt and Road Initiative Project\nWeekly\nReport\n                      ; Belt and Road Portal: Beijing, China, 2024; https:\/\/www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn\/list\/w\/xmzb (accessed March 21, 2024)."},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2019.05.015"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.12284"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","unstructured":"BONSAI\n                      ; https:\/\/bonsai.uno\/ (accessed April\n23, 2025)."},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","unstructured":"BONSAI-IO Documentation\u2500bonsai-io\nv0.25.1 Documentation\n                      ; https:\/\/hybrid-sut-bonsamurais-bonsai-build-cc0e2d2fdb158dc91033ff98066.gitlab.io\/ (accessed Nov 19, 2025)."},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","volume-title":"BONSAI \u00b7 GitLab"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-016-1087-8"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-022-02099-w"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","unstructured":"International\nRenewable Energy\nAgency (IRENA).\n                      Renewable Energy Statistics\n2024\n                      ; IRENA: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2024; https:\/\/www.irena.org\/Publications\/2024\/Jul\/Renewable-energy-statistics-2024 (accessed March 11, 2026)."},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy\nAgency (IAEA).\n                      International Atomic\nEnergy Agency (IAEA) Annual Report 2023\n                      ; IAEA: Vienna, Austria, 2023; https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/publications\/reports\/annual-report\/2023 (accessed March 28, 2025)."},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2205429119"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","unstructured":"Xi Jinping\u2019s keynote speech at 3rd Belt\nand Road Forum for\nInt\u2019l Cooperation\n                      ; https:\/\/english.www.gov.cn\/news\/202310\/18\/content_WS652fc328c6d0868f4e8e064e.html (accessed Nov 28, 2025)."},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","unstructured":"EDGAR - The Emissions Database\nfor Global Atmospheric Research\n                      ; https:\/\/edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/ (accessed March 28, 2025)."},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2016.03.007"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.10.030"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.01.003"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2023.08.019"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtte.2022.06.001"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac8033"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","unstructured":"United\nNations Framework Convention\non Climate Change (UNFCCC).\n                      Global\nClimate Action\n                      ; UNFCCC: Bonn, Germany, 2025; https:\/\/unfccc.int\/climate-action (accessed June 13, 2025)."},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","unstructured":"UN Environment Programme (UNEP).\n                      Belt and Road Initiative International Green\nDevelopment Coalition (BRIGC)|Asia and the Pacific|UNEP - UN Environment\nProgramme\n                      ; UNEP: Nairobi, Kenya, 2025; https:\/\/www.unep.org\/regions\/asia-and-pacific\/regional-initiatives\/belt-and-road-initiative-international-green (accessed March 28, 2025)."},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","unstructured":"Guomei, Z.; Yulong, M. S.; Gallagher, M. K. P.\n                      Green Belt and Road and 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development\n                      ; China Council on Environmental Cooperation and Development (CCICED): Beijing, China, 2020; https:\/\/cciced.eco\/research\/special-policy-study\/green-bri-and-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development\/ (accessed March 25, 2025)."},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2023.10.024"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab0fe3"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.139041"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40302-0"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06652"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab85f8"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c17941","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c17941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T08:30:53Z","timestamp":1782203453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c17941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.5c17941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c17941","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]}}}