{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:16:15Z","timestamp":1787886975442,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c18416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:20:06Z","timestamp":1775625606000},"page":"11202-11217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring Surrogate Selection for Virucidal Aerosol Testing: A Qualitative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Myer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Homeland Security and Materials Management Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development","place":["Durham, United States"]},{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park","place":["Durham, United States"]},{"name":"Biological and Economic Analysis Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention","place":["Durham, United States"]},{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park","place":["Durham, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6544-329X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. Worth","family":"Calfee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homeland Security and Materials Management Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development","place":["Durham, United States"]},{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park","place":["Durham, United States"]},{"name":"Office of Superfund and Emergency Management, Office of Land and Emergency Management","place":["Durham, United States"]},{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park","place":["Durham, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariela","family":"Monge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Research Group, Inc., Research Triangle Park","place":["Durham, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdel-Hady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Research Group, Inc., Research Triangle Park","place":["Durham, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Aslett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park","place":["Durham, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1410-2756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Ratliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homeland Security and Materials Management Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development","place":["Durham, United States"]},{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park","place":["Durham, United States"]},{"name":"Biological and Economic Analysis Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention","place":["Durham, United States"]},{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park","place":["Durham, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","unstructured":"Our World in Data Cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths,\nWorld. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/cumulative-deaths-and-cases-covid-19. (accessed November 3, 2025)."},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.04.018"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104593"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-139070"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae071"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500165"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04188-6"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680309600803"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.631736"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063276"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n                      Global Technical Consultation Report On Proposed Terminology For\nPathogens That Transmit Through The Air\n                      ; World Health Organization, 2024."},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.06.006"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00535-6"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd9149"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref15\/cit15.1","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pesticide Registration Notice (PR Notice) \u221201: Notice to Manufacturers, Formulators, Producers, Registrants, and Applicators or Pesticide Products: Lists of Pests of Significant Public Health Importance - Revised 2023 (Appendix)2023"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref15\/cit15.2","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2023."},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\n                      Product Performance Test Guidelines. OCSPP\n810.2000: General\nConsiderations for Testing Public Health Antimicrobial Pesticides\n                      ; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2018."},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040534"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","unstructured":"Health Canada Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA).\n                      Guidance on Efficacy Requirements for Biocides:\nPlanning your Test Product and Testing\n                      ; PMRA, 2024."},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","unstructured":"Efficacy Requirements for\nAntimicrobial Pesticides\n                      ; U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency. (accessed\n5\/15\/2025)."},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","unstructured":"Guidance to Registrants:\nProcess for Making Claims Against Emerging\nViral Pathogens not on EPA-Registered Disinfectant Labels\n                      ; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2016."},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","unstructured":"List N: Disinfectants for\nCoronavirus (COVID-19)\n                      ; U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency, 2020."},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13565"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2024.0018"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2023.2262004"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10934520903217054"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168815"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.107974"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","volume-title":"Laboratory Biosafety Manual","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","edition":"4"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","volume-title":"Laboratory Biosafety Manual","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004","edition":"3"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109804"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13101575"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.13087"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148477"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c07275"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109347"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JOEEDU.EEENG-7727"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620600909799"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06582-11"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/90.6.1655"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400025870"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01706.x"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.19.4.624-628.1970"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16420"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2021.114317"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.06.002"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00767-14"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy221"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01219-23"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00593"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.07.012"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08259-0"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c07622"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref55\/cit55","first-page":"14","volume":"21","author":"Coulliette A. D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Respir Prot"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2011.06.036"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1993.0377"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2011.619224"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00056-14"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2012.754841"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2004.12.004"},{"key":"ref62\/cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02484-15"},{"key":"ref63\/cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231164"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Russell, Hugo & Ayliffe\u2019s: Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization","author":"Maillard J. Y.","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref65\/cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820600796590"},{"key":"ref66\/cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054447"},{"key":"ref67\/cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b06034"},{"key":"ref68\/cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253022"},{"key":"ref69\/cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.03.014"},{"key":"ref70\/cit70","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health","volume":"1370","author":"Verani M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref71\/cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00021369.1988.10868912"},{"key":"ref72\/cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8484714"},{"key":"ref73\/cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR04936D"},{"key":"ref74\/cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0343003"},{"key":"ref75\/cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-81-1-207"},{"key":"ref76\/cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52177-2"},{"key":"ref77\/cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-020-01160-0"},{"key":"ref78\/cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestengg.1c00369"},{"key":"ref79\/cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03322-14"},{"key":"ref80\/cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab1466"},{"key":"ref81\/cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37014-2"},{"key":"ref82\/cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020221"},{"key":"ref83\/cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400056084"},{"key":"ref84\/cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2017.02.004"},{"key":"ref85\/cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es061373o"},{"key":"ref86\/cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c08632"},{"key":"ref87\/cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2022.2120794"},{"key":"ref88\/cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444503"},{"key":"ref89\/cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400056096"},{"key":"ref90\/cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a119954"},{"key":"ref91\/cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00002-08"},{"key":"ref92\/cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.110728"},{"key":"ref93\/cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12101587"},{"key":"ref94\/cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-052120-101420"},{"key":"ref95\/cit95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10867-020-09562-5"},{"key":"ref96\/cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/s04-050"},{"key":"ref97\/cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.02.002"},{"key":"ref98\/cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02291-09"},{"key":"ref99\/cit99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b01296"},{"key":"ref100\/cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00551-18"},{"key":"ref101\/cit101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2020.06.0302"},{"key":"ref102\/cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04959"},{"key":"ref103\/cit103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243505"},{"key":"ref104\/cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65902"},{"key":"ref105\/cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m85-199"},{"key":"ref106\/cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPS.2024.3378185"},{"key":"ref107\/cit107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-10-3-209"},{"key":"ref108\/cit108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac301"},{"key":"ref109\/cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01545-22"},{"key":"ref110\/cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49361-1"},{"key":"ref111\/cit111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10453-007-9068-9"},{"key":"ref112\/cit112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10453-020-09683-3"},{"key":"ref113\/cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c02311"},{"key":"ref114\/cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01653-08"},{"key":"ref115\/cit115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.95.045001"},{"key":"ref116\/cit116","unstructured":"European Committee for Standardization.\n                      EN 14885:2018 Chemical Disinfectants and\nAntiseptics. Application\nof European Standards for Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics\n                      ; European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium; 2022."},{"key":"ref117\/cit117","unstructured":"Australian Department of Health,\nT. G. A. T.\n                      TGA\n                      Instructions\nfor Disinfectant Testing; Commonwealth of Australia: Woden,\nAustralia; 2021."},{"key":"ref118\/cit118","unstructured":"ASTM International.\n                      ASTM\nE1053\u201320: Standard Practice to Assess Virucidal Activity of\nChemicals Intended for Disinfection of Inanimate, Nonporous Environmental\nSurfaces\n                      ; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA; 2020."},{"key":"ref119\/cit119","unstructured":"European\nChemicals Agency.\n                      Guidance on the\nBiocidal Products Regulation, Vol. II: Efficacy,\nParts B+C: Assessment and Evaluation\n                      ; ECHA: Helsinki, Finland; 2023."},{"key":"ref120\/cit120","unstructured":"ASHRAE.\n                      ASHRAE 241\u20132023\nControl of Infectious Aerosols\n                      ; ASHRAE2023."},{"key":"ref121\/cit121","unstructured":"ANSI\/AHAM.\n                      Method for Assessing\nthe Reduction Rate of Key Bioaerosols by Portable Air Cleaners Using\nan Aerobiology Test Chamber. ANSI\/AHAM AC-5\u20132022 Revision 1.1.\n2022;\n                      ANSI\/AHAM."},{"key":"ref122\/cit122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211022636"},{"key":"ref123\/cit123","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences. Engineering, and Medicine: Environmental Health\nMatters Initiative. In\n                      The National Academies\nCollection: Reports funded by\nNational Institutes of Health, Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2\n                      ; Proceedings of a Workshop\u2500in Brief; Staudt, A.; Saunders, J.; Pavlin, J.; Shelton-Davenport, M., Eds. The National Academy of Sciences: Washington, DC, 2020."},{"key":"ref124\/cit124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4756"},{"key":"ref125\/cit125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.4.921"},{"key":"ref126\/cit126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/88.1.182"},{"key":"ref127\/cit127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2000.0795"},{"key":"ref128\/cit128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(03)00031-9"},{"key":"ref129\/cit129","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Virology","author":"Pozzetto B.","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref130\/cit130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2017.0939"},{"key":"ref131\/cit131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3877\/cma.j.issn.2096-112X.2021.01.003"},{"key":"ref132\/cit132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046789"},{"key":"ref133\/cit133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(03)00192-7"},{"key":"ref134\/cit134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-020-03115-w"},{"key":"ref135\/cit135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79625-z"},{"key":"ref136\/cit136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2022.2101845"},{"key":"ref137\/cit137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01371-21"},{"key":"ref138\/cit138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091480"},{"key":"ref139\/cit139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02552-21"},{"key":"ref140\/cit140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23660-5"},{"key":"ref141\/cit141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.002"},{"key":"ref142\/cit142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00303-22"},{"key":"ref143\/cit143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1257"},{"key":"ref144\/cit144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.11.2100119"},{"key":"ref145\/cit145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00313"},{"key":"ref146\/cit146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03396.x"},{"key":"ref147\/cit147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.202200054"},{"key":"ref148\/cit148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m89-160"},{"key":"ref149\/cit149","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\n                      Product Performance Test Guidelines. OCSPP 810.2200: Disinfectants\nfor Use on Environmental Surfaces\n                      ; U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency, 2018."},{"key":"ref150\/cit150","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\n                      Product Performance Test Guidelines. OCSPP 810.2500: Air\nSanitizers \u2013 Efficacy Data Recommendations\n                      ; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012."},{"key":"ref151\/cit151","unstructured":"Australian Department of Health,\nT. G. A. T.\n                      Surrogate viruses for\nuse in disinfectant efficacy tests\nto justify claims against COVID-19\n                      ; Australian\nDepartment of Health, 2022."},{"key":"ref152\/cit152","unstructured":"ASTM International.\n                      ASTM\n1052: Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents Against\nViruses in Suspension\n                      ; ASTM: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2002."},{"key":"ref153\/cit153","unstructured":"Association\nof Home Appliance Manufacturers.\n                      Method\nfor Assessing the Reduction Rate of Key Bioaerosols\nby Portable Air Cleaners Using an Aerobiology Test Chamber - ANSI\/AHAM\nAC-5 \u22122022\n                      ; Association of Home Appliance\nManufacturers: Washington DC, 2022."},{"key":"ref154\/cit154","unstructured":"ASHRAE.\n                      ANSI\/ASHRAE 185.3\u20132024:\nMethod of Testing Commercial and Industrial In-room Air-cleaning Devices\nand Systems for Microorganism Bioaerosol Removal Or Inactivation in\nA Test Chamber\n                      ; ASHRAE, 2024."},{"key":"ref155\/cit155","volume-title":"E3273\u201321: Standard Practice to Assess Microbial Decontamination of Indoor Air using an Aerobiology Chamber","author":"ASTM International","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref156\/cit156","unstructured":"International\nOrganzation for Standardization.\n                      ISO\n16000\u201336: Indoor Air - Part 36: Standard Method\nfor Assessing the Reduction Rate of Culturable Airborne Bacteria by\nAir Purifiers Using A Test Chamber\n                      ; ISO, 2018."},{"key":"ref157\/cit157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx932"},{"key":"ref158\/cit158","unstructured":"American Biological\nSafety Association [ABSA] Risk Group Database. https:\/\/my.absa.org\/Riskgroups. (accessed May 15, 2025)."},{"key":"ref159\/cit159","unstructured":"Public Health Agency\nof Canada Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious\nSubstances \u2013 Coxsackie virus. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity\/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment\/coxsackievirus-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html. (accessed May 15, 2025)."},{"key":"ref160\/cit160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq901"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c18416","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c18416","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T08:14:03Z","timestamp":1776759243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c18416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.5c18416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c18416","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]}}}