{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:53:19Z","timestamp":1787071999315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42130713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42273024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42273024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential for modern electronics and are increasingly entering electronic waste (e-waste) streams. Informal recycling can release REEs into the environment, but their sources, transfer pathways, and retained inventories remain poorly quantified. Here, we combine microscopic particle characterization, neodymium (Nd) isotopes, Bayesian source apportionment, and a Level III steady-state multimedia aquivalence (SMA) model to characterize REE sources, cross-media transport, and retained inventories in Guiyu, China. Spatial clustering of REE concentrations near historical recycling sites, together with spherical and angular particles, supported anthropogenic inputs from thermal treatment and mechanical fragmentation. Isotopic mixing models estimated that geogenic contributions remained dominant, whereas e-waste contributions accounted for 21.4%, 16.4%, and 33.6% of REEs loading in soil, road dust, and sediment, respectively. Fly ash and wastewater sludge were the main anthropogenic end-members, pointing to combustion and acid-leaching pathways. Multimedia modeling identified land-to-river export as the dominant cross-media pathway, with soil runoff and surface wash-off serving as major vectors to aquatic systems. The retained inventory within the modeled solid compartments, including soil, road dust, and sediment, was estimated at 1.68 \u00d7 103 t \u03a3REE, with an uncertainty range of 0.555 \u00d7 103 to 4.74 \u00d7 103 t. Scenario extrapolations to 2030 projected annual REE releases of 3.98 \u00d7 103 t under historical recycling intensities and 1.32 \u00d7 103 t under regulated management. These findings suggest that informal e-waste recycling can shift recoverable REEs into persistent environmental reservoirs, making secondary remobilization an additional concern beyond direct emissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c18591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:37:48Z","timestamp":1785854268000},"page":"22849-22858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Release,\nCross-Media Transport, and Retained Inventory\nof Rare Earth Elements from Informal Electronic Waste Recycling"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Zhunan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5123-9423","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lingqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3169-1954","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0311-8915","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]},{"name":"University of Copenhagen , , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , ,","place":["Frederiksberg C, Denmark, 1871"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4218-7278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit1","unstructured":"Balde\u0301, C. P.; Kuehr, R.; Yamamoto, T.; McDonald, R.; D\u2019Angelo, E.; Althaf, S.; Bel, G.; Deubzer, O.; Fernandez-Cubillo, E.; Forti, V.; et al., The global e-waste\nmonitor 2024; International Telecommunication\nUnion and United Nations Institute for Training and Research: Geneva\/Bonn, 2024. https:\/\/ewastemonitor.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/GEM_2024_EN_11_NOV-web.pdf, (accessed 2026-03-02)."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026081810413357200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7965","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5c00103","article-title":"Electrochemical\nseparation and clean\nenergy applications of rare earth elements","volume":"125","author":"Ghosh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2023.114192","article-title":"Informal e-waste recycling\npractices\nand environmental pollution in Africa: What is the way forward?","volume":"252","author":"Andeobu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081810413357200_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073517","article-title":"Environmental\nheavy\nmetal contamination from electronic waste (e-waste) recycling activities\nworldwide: A systematic review from 2005 to 2017","volume":"18","author":"Houessionon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129727","article-title":"Effects\nof combined pollution of organic pollutants and heavy metals on biodiversity\nand soil multifunctionality in e-waste contaminated soil","volume":"440","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081810413357200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15383","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192215383","article-title":"Toxic metals in particulate matter\nand health risks in an e-waste dismantling park and its surrounding\nareas: Analysis of three PM size groups","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118630","article-title":"Pollution characteristics\nand risk assessment of air multi-pollutants from typical e-waste dismantling\nactivities","volume":"294","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810413357200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-024-00312-y","article-title":"Rare\nearths as emerging trace element contaminants in the soil","volume":"10","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Rep."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.127465","article-title":"Rare earth\nelements as emerging contaminants in marine ecosystems: Bioaccumulation\nand ecological implications","volume":"394","author":"Jeric","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141539","article-title":"Discrimination\nof brewing technologies and assessment of health risks based on rare\nearth elements: Evidence of fingerprint in Chinese famous vinegars","volume":"464","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081810413357200_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12050317","article-title":"Toxic effects of\nrare earth elements on human health: A review","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9603271251342280","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271251342280","article-title":"Exploring\nthe role of rare earth elements (praseodymium, samarium, lanthanum,\nand terbium) and oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome: A\ncase\u2013control study","volume":"44","author":"Abudawood","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948041","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.948041","article-title":"Toxicity of\nrare earth elements: An overview on human\nhealth impact","volume":"10","author":"Brouziotis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119717","article-title":"Potential hot spots contaminated\nwith exogenous, rare earth elements originating from e-waste dismantling\nand recycling","volume":"309","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"Part 2","key":"2026081810413357200_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132217","article-title":"Electronic\nwaste as a source of rare\nearth element pollution: Leaching, transport in porous media, and\nthe effects of nanoparticles","volume":"287","author":"Brewer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115731","article-title":"Hazardous motherboards:\nChanges in metal contamination\nrelated to the evolution of electronic technologies","volume":"268","author":"Dang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810413357200_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(01)00402-8","article-title":"An assessment of mass discrimination in MC-ICPMS using\nNd isotopes","volume":"185","author":"Vance","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810413357200_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(00)00198-4","article-title":"JNdi-1: A\nneodymium isotopic reference in consistency with LaJolla neodymium","volume":"168","author":"Tanaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810413357200_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.svgl.2004.02.030","article-title":"Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd\nisotopic systematics in chondrites and their constraints on the Lu-Hf\nproperties of the Earth","volume":"222","author":"Patchett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci.\nLett."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2022.121202","article-title":"Calculation of cerium\nand lanthanum\nanomalies in geological and environmental samples","volume":"615","author":"Barrat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146033","article-title":"Comprehensive characterization of secondary sources\noriginating from Turkey in terms of rare earth elements and scandium","volume":"777","author":"Yuksekdag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081810413357200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(89)90027-1","article-title":"Application of the QWASI (Quantitative Water Air Sediment\nInteraction) fugacity model to the dynamics of organic and inorganic\nchemicals in lakes","volume":"18","author":"Mackay","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810413357200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.3390\/w12061580","article-title":"Using a multimedia aquivalence model to evaluate the environmental\nfate of Fe, Mn and trace metals in an industrial city, China","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172843","article-title":"Transport dynamics\nof rare earth\nelements in weathering crust soils","volume":"930","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139223","article-title":"Recovery\nof rare earth elements from\nsediments affected by mining activities","volume":"496","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J.\nHazard. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081810413357200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3612","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EM00480B","article-title":"Adsorption of rare\nearth elements (REEs) onto schwertmannite and basaluminite from acid\nmine drainage to estuary water","volume":"27","author":"Gutie\u0301rrez-Leo\u0301n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.:\nProcesses Impacts"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081810413357200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6896-6","article-title":"Assessment of health\nrisk of trace metal pollution in surface soil\nand road dust from an e-waste recycling area in China","volume":"23","author":"Yekeen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810413357200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2008.0398","article-title":"Heavy metal contamination\nfrom electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, southeastern China","volume":"38","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081810413357200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2006.05.016","article-title":"Fly ash characterization\nby SEM\u2013EDS","volume":"85","author":"Kutchko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810413357200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72173-w","article-title":"Evaluating\nemissions and air quality implications of residential waste incineration","volume":"14","author":"Mentes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810413357200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2021.101536","article-title":"Fly ash properties, characterization,\nand applications:\nA review","volume":"33","author":"Alterary","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ., Sci."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115905","article-title":"A comprehensive review\nof toxicity of coal fly ash and its leachate\nin the ecosystem","volume":"269","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081810413357200_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1515\/pac-2019-0502","article-title":"Global\noccurrence, chemical properties, and ecological impacts of e-wastes\n(IUPAC Technical Report)","volume":"92","author":"Purchase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90539-8.00006-1","article-title":"Lanthanide-doped\nphosphor: An overview","volume-title":"Phosphor handbook","author":"Kunti","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacomc.2024.100006","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis\nof global research trend and progress on Dy doped materials","volume":"3","author":"Kadyan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081810413357200_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3390\/met12020341","article-title":"Recent advances in magnetostrictive\nTb-Dy-Fe alloys","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metals"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810413357200_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s12596-016-0355-0","article-title":"A new class of erbium\ndoped optical fiber for high power optical amplifier","volume":"45","author":"Paul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810413357200_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13091367","article-title":"Characteristics and provenance implications\nof rare earth elements\nand Nd isotope in PM2.5 in a coastal city of southeastern China","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.117069","article-title":"Characteristics and\nprovenance implications of rare earth elements and Sr-Nd isotopes\nin PM2.5 aerosols and PM2.5 fugitive dusts from an inland city of\nsoutheastern China","volume":"220","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crte.2015.02.007","article-title":"Pb, Sr and\nNd isotopic composition\nand trace element characteristics of coarse airborne particles collected\nwith passive samplers","volume":"347","author":"Hoa\u0300ng-Ho\u0300a","year":"2015","journal-title":"C. R. Geosci."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2017.11.034","article-title":"Tracing provenance and chemical weathering changes\nin Ankara Stream sediments, central Turkey: Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-O\nisotopic evidence","volume":"138","author":"Saydam Eker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Afr. Earth Sci."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2015.08.001","article-title":"Rare earth elements\nand neodymium isotopes in world river sediments revisited","volume":"170","author":"Bayon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121890","article-title":"Emission inventories,\nemission factors, and composition profiles\nof volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals (HMs) from an\ne-waste dismantling park in southern China","volume":"331","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124259","article-title":"Informal e-waste recycling in nine\ncities of Pakistan reveals significant impacts on local air and soil\nquality and associated health risks","volume":"355","author":"Kazim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ.\nPollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810413357200_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11472-2","article-title":"Source dynamics\nand environmental risk of street dust as a vector of human exposure\nto potentially toxic elements in Istanbul, Tu\u0308rkiye","volume":"15","author":"O\u0308ncu\u0308","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810413357200_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87503-9","article-title":"Assessment of surface\nsediment properties and heavy metal contamination\nin typical urban areas of the Yellow River, China","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.456","article-title":"A review of multimedia\ntransport and fate models for chemicals: Principles, features and\napplicability","volume":"668","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit47","article-title":"Development and application\nof models of chemical fate in Canada:\nModelling guidance document","volume-title":"Canadian Environmental\nModelling Network","author":"Webster","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810413357200_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024GB008125","article-title":"The global\nbiogeochemical cycle of the rare earth elements","volume":"38","author":"Hatje","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810413357200_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EM00391A","article-title":"Drivers and riverine\nfluxes of rare earth elements to coastal ecosystems\nacross temperate, boreal, and subarctic ecoregions in Eastern Canada","volume":"27","author":"Lafrenie\u0300re","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.:Processes Impacts"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3133\/mcs2026","volume-title":"Mineral\ncommodity summaries\n2026","author":"U.S. Geological Survey.","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.139706","article-title":"Material flow analysis and risk evaluation of informal\ne-waste recycling processes in Ghana: Towards sustainable management\nstrategies","volume":"430","author":"Owusu-Sekyere","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026081810413357200_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.145090","article-title":"Material flow analysis and risk evaluation\nof informal\nand formal e-waste recycling processes in Bangladesh: Towards sustainable\nmanagement strategies","volume":"497","author":"Ankhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c18591","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/32\/22849\/66364949\/acs.est.5c18591.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/32\/22849\/66364949\/acs.est.5c18591.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:13:23Z","timestamp":1787069603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/32\/22849\/5239397\/Release-Cross-Media-Transport-and-Retained"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c18591","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}}}