{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:23:25Z","timestamp":1786465405792,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020GJZ03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GJZ03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-JSGG-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JSGG-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2707601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2707601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82473590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Faculty Competition for Postdoctoral Fellows Program in the Division of Research and Innovation at Wayne State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Youth S&T Talent Support Programme of Guangdong Provincial Association for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKXRC2025349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKXRC2025349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Long-term exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) has been linked to preterm birth (PTB), yet evidence from China remains limited. This study included 4,321,599 live singleton births from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project between 2010 and 2015. Prenatal BTEX exposure was estimated using a chemistry-climate model. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to examine associations of BTEX exposure with gestational age and PTB risk, respectively. For the entire pregnancy, each interquartile range (IQR, 11.6 \u03bcg\/m3) increase in BTEX exposure was associated with a reduction of 0.138 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.133\u20130.142) weeks in gestational age and a 23% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.22\u20131.24) increase in PTB risk. Among individual components, IQR increases in benzene, toluene, and xylenes concentrations were associated with 21% (95% CI: 20\u201322%), 25% (95% CI: 24\u201326%), and 20% (95% CI: 19\u201321%) higher odds of PTB, respectively. The strongest associations were observed for exposures during the third trimester for both BTEX (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.26\u20131.28) and individual components (benzene: OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.24\u20131.26; toluene: OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.28\u20131.30; and xylenes: OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.24\u20131.26). Subgroup analyses indicated that the associations were more pronounced among male fetuses, mothers who were overweight or obese, engaged in farming, or had lower educational attainment. Prenatal BTEX exposure was significantly associated with an elevated risk of PTB, emphasizing the potential adverse effects of BTEX pollution on maternal and infant health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c18711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:01:42Z","timestamp":1785128502000},"page":"21429-21439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of\nPrenatal BTEX Exposure with Preterm\nBirth: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Study in 337 Chinese Cities"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"suffix":"M.S.","given":"Houcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"M.S.","given":"Yang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"PhD","given":"Ying","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangdong, China, 511443"]},{"name":"Wayne State University , , , ,","place":["Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"PhD","given":"Linlin","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"M.S.","given":"Shuyan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute for Family Planning , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"National Human Genetic Resources Center , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100730"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"M.S.","given":"Jing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute for Family Planning , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"National Human Genetic Resources Center , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100730"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"PhD","given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute for Family Planning , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"National Human Genetic Resources Center , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100730"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"PhD","given":"Jihong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute for Family Planning , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"National Human Genetic Resources Center , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100730"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Ms.","given":"Qiaomei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100088"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Mr.","given":"Haiping","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100088"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Mr.","given":"Yiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100088"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Mr.","given":"Donghai","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100088"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Ms.","given":"Hongping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University\/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University , , , ,","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 325000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0976-0228","authenticated-orcid":true,"suffix":"PhD","given":"Yaoxian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University , , , ,","place":["Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"PhD","given":"Yuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute for Family Planning , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"National Human Genetic Resources Center , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100730"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3215-2442","authenticated-orcid":true,"suffix":"PhD","given":"Jing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan 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Perinatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081110083673700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211028026","article-title":"Global Prevalence of\nLong-Term Neurodevelopmental\nImpairment Following Extremely Preterm Birth: A Systematic Literature\nReview","volume":"49","author":"Sarda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"issue":"10409","key":"2026081110083673700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4","article-title":"National, Regional,\nand Global Estimates of Preterm Birth in 2020, with Trends from 2010:\nA Systematic Analysis","volume":"402","author":"Ohuma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.05.007","article-title":"Ambient Air Pollution,\nBirth Weight and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"117","author":"Stieb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/phrs.2022.1604775","article-title":"Industrial\nAir Pollution Leads to Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Systematized Review\nof Different Exposure Metrics and Health Effects in Newborns","volume":"43","author":"Veber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Rev."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8773125","article-title":"Ovarian\nToxicity and Carcinogenicity in Eight Recent National Toxicology Program\nStudies","volume":"73","author":"Maronpot","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081110083673700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3109\/19396360903377195","article-title":"Reproductive Toxicology\nand Teratology of Abused Toluene","volume":"56","author":"Hannigan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Syst. Biol.\nReprod. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081110083673700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076335","article-title":"Linking\nBenzene,\nin Utero Carcinogenicity and Fetal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches:\nA Mechanistic Review","volume":"24","author":"Yusoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081110083673700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2010.09.009","article-title":"Preterm Birth and Exposure to Air\nPollutants during Pregnancy","volume":"110","author":"Llop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081110083673700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901228","article-title":"Prenatal Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution\nand Ultrasound Measures of Fetal Growth in the INMA Sabadell Cohort","volume":"118","author":"Aguilera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081110083673700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2019.0224170919","article-title":"Maternal Exposure to Benzene and\nToluene and Preterm Birth. A Longitudinal Study","volume":"137","author":"dos Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med. J."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109845","article-title":"Prenatal Airshed\nPollutants and Preterm Birth in an\nObservational Birth Cohort Study in Detroit, Michigan, USA","volume":"189","author":"Cassidy-Bushrow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"2026081110083673700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156390","article-title":"Global preterm births\nattributable\nto BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) exposure","volume":"838","author":"Partha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081110083673700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.4872","article-title":"Association\nof Long-Term Exposure\nto Airborne Particulate Matter of 1 \u039cm or Less with Preterm\nBirth in China","volume":"172","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127645","article-title":"Composition of Fine Particulate Matter\nand Risk of Preterm Birth: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Study in 336\nChinese Cities","volume":"425","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.10.025","article-title":"Effect of\nAirborne Particulate Matter of 2.5 \u03bcm or Less on Preterm Birth:\nA National Birth Cohort Study in China","volume":"121","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ.\nInt."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081110083673700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019MS001916","article-title":"The Community Earth\nSystem Model Version 2 (CESM2)","volume":"12","author":"Danabasoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Model.\nEarth Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081110083673700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-024-00598-1","article-title":"One-Third of Global Population at Cancer Risk Due to\nElevated Volatile Organic Compounds Levels","volume":"7","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Clim. Atmos. 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Total Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081110083673700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-010-0514-z","article-title":"Ambient Particulate Matter and Preterm Birth or Birth\nWeight: A Review of the Literature","volume":"84","author":"Bosetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.12.022","article-title":"The Associations between Birth Weight and Exposure\nto Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Its Chemical Constituents during\nPregnancy: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"211","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124904","article-title":"Shanghai Birth Cohort\nStudy. Critical Windows for Maternal Fine Particulate Matter Exposure\nand Adverse Birth Outcomes: The Shanghai Birth Cohort Study","volume":"240","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081110083673700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml016","article-title":"Placental-Related\nDiseases of Pregnancy:\nInvolvement of Oxidative Stress and Implications in Human Evolution","volume":"12","author":"Jauniaux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human Reprod. Update"},{"issue":"2S","key":"2026081110083673700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.577","article-title":"Pathophysiology of\nPlacental-Derived Fetal Growth Restriction","volume":"218","author":"Burton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081110083673700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1029","article-title":"Exposure\nto Ambient Particulate Matter\nduring Specific Gestational Periods Produces Adverse Obstetric Consequences\nin Mice","volume":"125","author":"Blum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00406","article-title":"Amniotic Fluid INSL3Measured\nDuring\nthe Critical Time Window in Human Pregnancy Relates to Cryptorchidism,\nHypospadias, and Phthalate Load: A Large Case-Control Study","volume":"9","author":"Anand-Ivell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.11.007","article-title":"Nitrogen Dioxide\nAir Pollution and Preterm Birth in Shanghai, China","volume":"169","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"9606","key":"2026081110083673700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology\nand Causes\nof Preterm Birth","volume":"371","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081110083673700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.4872","article-title":"Association\nof Long-Term Exposure\nto Airborne Particulate Matter of 1 \u039cm or Less With Preterm\nBirth in China","volume":"172","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081110083673700_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxt011","article-title":"Epidemiologic Tools to Study the\nInfluence of Environmental Factors on Fecundity and Pregnancy-Related\nOutcomes","volume":"36","author":"Slama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112203","article-title":"Estimating\nPM2.5 Concentrations in Northeastern China with Full Spatiotemporal\nCoverage, 2005\u20132016","volume":"253","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"2026081110083673700_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112775","article-title":"Full-Coverage Mapping\nand Spatiotemporal Variations of Ground-Level Ozone (O3) Pollution\nfrom 2013 to 2020 across China","volume":"270","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens.\nEnviron."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081110083673700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9988","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c03834","article-title":"Ground-Level\nNO2 Surveillance from Space Across China for High Resolution\nUsing Interpretable Spatiotemporally Weighted Artificial Intelligence","volume":"56","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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