{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:53:11Z","timestamp":1787071991337,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42230701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42375105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42375105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["164GJHZ2023068FN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["164GJHZ2023068FN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013050","name":"Guangdong Provincial Applied Science and Technology Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A1515011937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515011937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In urban atmosohere, volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs) was treated as the important maker from pesonal care products (PCPs) of volatile chemical products (VCPs), yet the link between their realistic emission profiles and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation remains elusive. Moving beyond previous studies using pure standards, we systematically characterized the dynamic emissions and SOA evolution of four typical PCPs using an evaporation chamber coupled with an oxidation flow reactor and other online gas\/aerosol mass spectrometry. VMS dominated the emissions (&amp;gt;95%) for most PCP products and exhibited prolonged evaporation time scales compared to coemitted solvent VOCs. Emission factors for VMS ranged from approximately 132 to 300 g kg\u20131. We quantified the PCP -derived SOA formation yield and saturated and unsaturated molecular composition for the first time and systematically discussed VMS oxidation pathways. Furthermore, molecular fingerprints revealed that while cross-reactions between different VMS precursors occurred readily, cross-reactions between VMS and other VOCs were kinetically inhibited due to mismatches in reactivity and evaporation timing. The evolution of SOA volatility was found to be highly pathway-dependent, with oligomerization driving a volatility reduction of 0.8 or up to several orders of magnitude. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the atmospheric persistence of VMS and their potential for long-range transport to remote regions, with direct implications for improving source apportionment of VCPs and refining SOA formation in atmospheric models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c01173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:31:38Z","timestamp":1785853898000},"page":"22724-22736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Emissions\nand Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation\nfrom Real Personal Care Products: New Insights into Siloxane-Containing\nMolecules"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mingkai","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuman","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102488"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3485-6304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Science , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Science , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianle","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1982-0928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Science , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Science , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7428-0231","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiabi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102488"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9393-3763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sihang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1254-6770","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xianjun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Huangfu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5575-4510","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-0329","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7119-3706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mitchell W.","family":"Alton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerodyne Research Inc , , ,","place":["Billerica, Massachusetts, United States, 01821"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Worsnop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerodyne Research Inc , , ,","place":["Billerica, Massachusetts, United States, 01821"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3365-6539","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuemei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511443"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810404351800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay8967","article-title":"The fuel of atmospheric chemistry: Toward a complete\ndescription of reactive organic carbon","volume":"6","author":"Heald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci.\nAdv."},{"issue":"5959","key":"2026081810404351800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1180353","article-title":"Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere","volume":"326","author":"Jimenez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081810404351800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13655","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-13655-2021","article-title":"A mass-balance-based emission inventory\nof non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) for solvent use\nin China","volume":"21","author":"Mo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081810404351800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestair.4c00250","article-title":"Notable Features of\nVolatile Chemical Products (VCPs)\nin China","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS EST Air"},{"issue":"6377","key":"2026081810404351800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaq0524","article-title":"Volatile chemical products emerging\nas largest petrochemical\nsource of urban organic emissions","volume":"359","author":"McDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810404351800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5079","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-5079-2021","article-title":"Reactive\norganic carbon emissions\nfrom volatile chemical products","volume":"21","author":"Seltzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. 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Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081810404351800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2941","article-title":"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5)\nenvironmental sources, fate, transport, and routes of exposure","volume":"34","author":"Mackay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810404351800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestair.3c00073","article-title":"Advances in the Separation and Detection\nof Secondary Organic Aerosol Produced by Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane\n(D5) in Laboratory-Generated and Ambient Aerosol","volume":"1","author":"Meepage","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS EST Air"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810404351800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.4507","article-title":"Application of multimedia\nmodels for understanding the environmental\nbehavior of volatile methylsiloxanes: Fate, transport, and bioaccumulation","volume":"18","author":"Whelan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integr. Environ. Assess. Manage."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081810404351800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.10.048","article-title":"Cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in\nfish from the Baltic Sea","volume":"93","author":"Kierkegaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026081810404351800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.133","article-title":"Determination of linear\nand cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in blood\nof turtles, cormorants, and seals from Canada","volume":"574","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081810404351800_cit14","article-title":"Modeled Global\nImpacts of Chlorine Oxidation and Temperature Dependence on the Atmospheric\nLifetime and Concentrations of Volatile Methyl Siloxanes","author":"Brunet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810404351800_cit15","unstructured":"European Union proposal to list Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4).\n          . Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane\n(D6) in Annex B to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic\nPollutants. ECHA2023. https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/documents\/10162\/63ce2062-0f0b-130f-3cb1-5c84071e7082 (accessed December 15, 2025)."},{"key":"2026081810404351800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c02428","article-title":"Are Cyclic Volatile\nMethylsiloxanes POPs? For Rigorous Science in Regulatory Decision\nMaking","author":"McLachlan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081810404351800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5b00256","article-title":"Siloxanes\nAre the Most Abundant Volatile Organic Compound Emitted from Engineering\nStudents in a Classroom","volume":"2","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol.\nLett."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081810404351800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15427","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c05438","article-title":"Volatile\nMethyl Siloxanes and Other Organosilicon Compounds in Residential\nAir","volume":"56","author":"Molinier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810404351800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05156","article-title":"Siloxane\nEmissions and Exposures during the Use of Hair Care Products in Buildings","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"32","key":"2026081810404351800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17103","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c14384","article-title":"Indoor Nanoparticle\nEmissions and Exposures during Heat-Based Hair Styling Activities","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081810404351800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14307","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-14307-2023","article-title":"Volatile oxidation products and secondary organosiloxane aerosol\nfrom D5 + OH at varying OH exposures","volume":"23","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. 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Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810404351800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.2c00304","article-title":"Comparison\nof the Yield and Chemical Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosol\nGenerated from the OH and Cl Oxidation of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane","volume":"7","author":"Avery","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Earth Space Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026081810404351800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10827","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-10827-2022","article-title":"Secondary organic\naerosols from OH\noxidation of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes as an important Si source\nin the atmosphere","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. 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Phys."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081810404351800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8913","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-8913-2011","article-title":"Laboratory studies of the chemical\ncomposition and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary\norganic aerosol (SOA) and oxidized primary organic aerosol (OPOA)","volume":"11","author":"Lambe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810404351800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00766K","article-title":"Radical chemistry in oxidation flow\nreactors for atmospheric\nchemistry research","volume":"49","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026081810404351800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2014.05.004","article-title":"A Proton Transfer\nReaction-Quadrupole\ninterface Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-QiTOF): High speed\ndue to extreme sensitivity","volume":"368","author":"Sulzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081810404351800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13187","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00325","article-title":"Proton-Transfer-Reaction\nMass Spectrometry: Applications\nin Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"117","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810404351800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-12-2403-2019","article-title":"Evaluating the performance\nof five different chemical ionization techniques for detecting gaseous\noxygenated organic species","volume":"12","author":"Riva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081810404351800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12011","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b02641","article-title":"Evaluation of a New Reagent-Ion Source and Focusing\nIon\u2013Molecule Reactor for Use in Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass\nSpectrometry","volume":"90","author":"Krechmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810404351800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-4117-2022","article-title":"Direct observations\nindicate photodegradable oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs)\nas larger contributors to radicals and ozone production in the atmosphere","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026081810404351800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14769","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-14769-2020","article-title":"Measurement report: Important contributions of oxygenated compounds\nto emissions and chemistry of volatile organic compounds in urban\nair","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081810404351800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7101","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-7101-2024","article-title":"Emission characteristics\nof reactive organic gases (ROGs) from industrial volatile chemical\nproducts (VCPs) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. 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