{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:01:10Z","timestamp":1790697670885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2ES038696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2ES038696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES026529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES026529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES036084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES036084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P42ES030991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42ES030991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21ES036036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21ES036036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The February 2023 train derailment and subsequent vent and burn of 129,000 gallons of vinyl chloride in East Palestine, Ohio, raised a high level of concern about exposure to hazardous chemicals such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among residents. In this study, we measured urine metabolite levels of eight (8) VOCs collected five (5) months after the incident from 19 (19) nonsmoking East Palestine residents living within approximately one mile from the derailment site and compared them with levels from a comparison community and 2015\u20132016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The samples were analyzed with a Thermo Altis LC\u2013MS\u2013MS system. Nearly 75% of East Palestine participants had detectable levels of a vinyl chloride metabolite, 2-hydroxyethylmercapturate (HEMA), whereas none of the comparison community participants had detectable levels and only 5% of NHANES participants had levels above the 3.0 ng\/mL limit of detection (LOD). One East Palestine participant had a quantifiable level of the butyl acrylate metabolite, whereas none of the Marietta residents was above the LOD. The metabolite was not measured in the NHANES. The detection of metabolites of derailment-related chemicals supports the need for long-term follow-up of residents of this community and its surrounding area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c01315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:01:57Z","timestamp":1788559317000},"page":"26953-26960","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urinary\nMetabolites of Volatile Organic Compounds\nin a Subset of East Palestine, Ohio Residents Five Months Following\nthe Train Derailment Disaster"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-0477","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erin N.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0289-9617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Hilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bela G.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5027-7591","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9364-5912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Misti","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-8873","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Peraino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University , , , ,","place":["Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0992-0845","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Candace","family":"Brancato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0130-4335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristen","family":"McQuerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1712-5737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Judy","family":"Westrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University , , , ,","place":["Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit1","article-title":"East Palestine Train\nDerailment Site East Palestine, Columbiana County, Ohio","volume-title":"Unilateral Administrative Order for Removal Actions","author":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit2","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\n          . TRAIN 32N- EAST PALESTINE. 2023. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/2023-02\/TRAIN%2032N%20-%20EAST%20PALESTINE%20-%20derail%20list%20Norfolk%20Southern%20document.pdf(accessed Nov 11, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit3","unstructured":"National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Railroad Investigation Report RIR-24\u201305.\n          , Norfolk Southern Railway Derailment\nHazardous Materials Release \u2013 East Palestine, Ohio February 3, 2023. https:\/\/www.ntsb.gov\/investigations\/AccidentReports\/Reports\/RIR2405%20CORRECTED.pdf (accessed May 28, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit4","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\n          . Volatile Organic Compounds.  Impact on Indoor Air Quality. 2025. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/indoor-air-quality-iaq\/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality (accessed Nov 11, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit5","unstructured":"CBS News.\n          . 50-car train derailment in Ohio causes massive fire,\nevacuations. 2023. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/ohio-train-derailment-causes-big-fire-evacuations\/(accessed May 28, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit6","unstructured":"Linder, L., Guay, J., Smith, B., DeRose, C.\n          East Palestine Train Derailment: Evacuations\nordered with rail car at risk for explosion following massive fire. 2023. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/pittsburgh\/news\/train-derailment-massive-fire-east-palestine-ohio-ntsb-investigation-explosion-evacuations\/ (accessed Jan 22, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit7","unstructured":"Ohio Emergency Management Agency.\n          .  East Palestine Update: Evacuation Area Extended,\nControlled Release of Rail Car Contents Planned for 3:30 P.M. 2023. https:\/\/ema.ohio.gov\/media-publications\/news\/dewine-020623 (accessed\nNov 11, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit8","unstructured":"Office of the Governor of Ohio.\n          . East Palestine Update: Residents\nCan Safely Return Home. 2023. https:\/\/governor.ohio.gov\/media\/news-and-media\/east-palestine-update-residents-can-safely-return-home-02082023 (accessed Nov 11, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit9","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\n          .  East Palestine, Ohio Train\nDerailment. 2026.https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/east-palestine-oh-train-derailment (accessed Nov 11, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit10","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\n          .  East Palestine, Ohio Train\nDerailment Water Sampling Data. 2026. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/east-palestine-oh-train-derailment\/water-sampling-data (accessed May 28, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit11","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\n          . Air Sampling Data. 2025. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/east-palestine-oh-train-derailment\/air-sampling-data (accessed Nov 11, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit12","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\n          .  Newsletter: East Palestine\nTrain Derailment Response, 7\u20138-2024. 2025. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/east-palestine-oh-train-derailment\/newsletter-east-palestine-train-derailment-response-7-8-2024 (accessed Nov 11, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit13","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\n          . Toxic Release Inventory\n(TRI) Program. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program (accessed May 28, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit14","unstructured":"S., Elverd\n          \n          The Review.\nVC metabolite prevalent in East Palestine urine samples. 2025. https:\/\/www.reviewonline.com\/news\/local-news\/2025\/11\/vc-metabolite-prevalent-in-east-palestine-urine-samples\/(accessed May 28, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T., Navra\u0301til, Petr, M.; Z., S\u030cenholdova\u0301, K., Pr\u030cistoupilova\u0301, T. I., Pr\u030cistoupil, M., Heyrovsky\u0301, D., Pelclova\u0301, E., Kohli\u0301kova\u0301. Diagnostic Significance of\nUrinary Thiodiglycolic Acid as a Possible Tool for Studying the Role\nof Vitamins B12 and Folates in the Metabolism of Thiolic Substances.  Physiol. Res.56: 113\u2013122, 2007. https:\/\/www.biomed.cas.cz\/physiolres\/pdf\/56\/56_113.pdf (accessed May 28, 2026).","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930902"},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.-W., Wang, H.-Yi., Chuang, K.-W., Liao, M.-L., Yu, C.-Y., Dai, W.-T., Chang, C.-H., Tsai, H.-C., Chiang, Po-C., Huang\n          Urinary thiodiglycolic acid\nis associated with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\nin children living near a petrochemical complex.  Environ. Int., 131, 2019, 104978, ISSN 0160\u20134120, DOI: 10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104978. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0160412019308979(accessed May 28, 2026).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104978"},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, T. J., Huang, Y. F., Ma, Y. C.\n          Urinary thiodiglycolic\nacid levels for vinyl chloride monomer-exposed polyvinyl chloride\nworkers.  J. Occup Environ. Med.2001;43(11), :934\u2013938. doi: 10.1097\/00043764-200111000-00002. PMID: 11725332. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11725332\/(accessed May 28,\n2026).","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200111000-00002"},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit18","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\n          .  Vinyl Chloride and Health FAQ\nDocument. May 31, 2023. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/2023-06\/Vinyl-Chloride-and-Health-FAQ-Document-5-31-508.pdf (accessed May 28, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit19","unstructured":"T., Morgan\n          \n          ABC NEWS 5\nCleveland. Urine tests from East Palestine residents unreliable for\nvinyl chloride exposure,  ODH Director Says. 2023. https:\/\/www.news5cleveland.com\/news\/local-news\/we-follow-through\/urine-tests-from-east-palestine-residents-unreliable-for-vinyl-chloride-exposure-odh-director-says (accessed May 28, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit20","unstructured":"Haynes, E.\n          \n          East Palestine\nTrain Derailment Health Tracking Study. 2023. https:\/\/cph.uky.edu\/research\/projects\/east-palestine-train-derailment-health-tracking-study (accessed Nov 25, 2025)."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092910123432900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.4c00263","article-title":"Serum Dioxin Levels in a Subset of Participants of the East Palestine,\nOhio Train Derailment Health Tracking Study","volume":"11","author":"Haynes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-026-00918-y","article-title":"Characterizing\nimmune perturbations\nin peripheral blood following the East Palestine, Ohio train derailment","author":"Wagner","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Exposure Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit23","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau.\n          .  Explore Census\nData. https:\/\/data.census.gov\/(accessed\nMay 28, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haynes, E. N., Beidler, C., Wittberg, R., Meloncon, L., Parin, M., Kopras, E. J., Succop, P., Dietrich, K. N.\n          Developing a bidirectional\nacademic-community partnership with an Appalachian-American community\nfor environmental health research and risk communication.  Environ. Health Perspect. 2011 Oct;119(10), :1364\u20131372. doi: 10.1289\/ehp.1003164. Epub 2011 Jun 16. PMID: 21680278; PMCID: PMC3230433. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3230433\/ (accessed May 28, 2026).","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003164"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092910123432900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00324","article-title":"Air Pollutant Patterns\nand Human Health Risk following the East Palestine, Ohio, Train Derailment","volume":"10","author":"Oladeji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit26","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).\n          .  About NHANES. 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/about\/index.html (accessed Nov 25, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit27","unstructured":"Croghan, C., Egeghy, P. P.\n          2003. Methods of Dealing with Values Below the Limit of Detection Using\nSAS. https:\/\/cfpub.epa.gov\/si\/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=NERL&dirEntryId=64046 (accessed May 28, 2026)."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026092910123432900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7199","article-title":"Epidemiologic\nevaluation of measurement data\nin the presence of detection limits","volume":"112","author":"Lubin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ.\nHealth Perspect."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit29","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).\n          . Toxicological Profiles. 2025. https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxicological-profiles\/about\/index.html (accessed Nov 25, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit30","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).\n          . 2026. Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloridehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK601940\/ (accessed May 28, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2024.120817","article-title":"VOC emission\nrates from an indoor surface using a flux chamber and PTR-MS","volume":"338","author":"Huynh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092910123432900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-025-14038-x","article-title":"Mobile air monitoring\nto identify volatile organic\ncompound distributions and potential hazard during the remediation\nof the East Palestine, Ohio train derailment","volume":"197","author":"Saitas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit33a","volume-title":"Systemic Exposures\nto Volatile Organic Compounds and Factors Influencing Susceptibility\nto Their Effects","author":"National Research Council.","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit33b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570752","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1570752","article-title":"Association\nbetween volatile organic compounds exposure and cardiometabolic function:\na population-based study","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.137738","article-title":"The association analysis\nbetween exposure to volatile organic chemicals and obesity in the\ngeneral USA population: A cross-sectional study from NHANES program","volume":"315","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092910123432900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1021\/tx800468w","article-title":"Simultaneous\ndetermination of six\nmercapturic acid metabolites of volatile organic compounds in human\nurine","volume":"22","author":"Ding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit36","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).\n          .  Medical\nManagement Guidelines for Vinyl Chloride. 2014. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/TSP\/MMG\/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=278&toxid=51 (accessed Nov 25, 2025)."},{"key":"2026092910123432900_cit37","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).\n          .  Benzene: Systemic\nAgent. 2011. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/ershdb\/emergencyresponsecard_29750032.html (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Medical\nManagement Guidelines for Acrolein. 2014. http:\/\/medbox.iiab.me\/modules\/en-cdc\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/MMG\/MMG.asp_id=552&tid=102 (accessed Nov 25, 2025)."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c01315","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/38\/26953\/68394251\/acs.est.6c01315.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/38\/26953\/68394251\/acs.est.6c01315.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:03:21Z","timestamp":1790694201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/38\/26953\/5421793\/Urinary-Metabolites-of-Volatile-Organic-Compounds"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c01315","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]}}}