{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:42:01Z","timestamp":1792784521563,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P42ES027706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42ES027706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018694","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101150779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101150779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (FORMAS)","award":["2024-01902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-01902"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03zttf063","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The occurrence and burden of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in adipose tissue of humans and wildlife represent an underexamined dimension of PFAS exposure. While most PFAS research has focused on ionic substances that accumulate in tissues such as liver and blood, there is growing evidence that a distinct and diverse suite of neutral PFAS bioaccumulate in adipose tissue. This Perspective synthesizes recent data illustrating the substantial contribution of some adipose-associated PFAS to overall body burdens, applies quantum chemical modeling to exemplify additional PFAS likely to partition into adipose tissue, and examines analytical blindspots that have limited their detection to date. We show that certain neutral PFAS possess partitioning properties comparable to legacy persistent organic pollutants, which, provided that they are sufficiently persistent, can lead to bioaccumulation in adipose tissue. We further outline the analytical challenge of extracting, detecting, and quantifying neutral PFAS in matrices rich in storage lipids and discuss the implications for exposure assessment, toxicology, and environmental surveillance. Finally, we identify key research needs and call for expanded monitoring strategies that capture the full chemical space of PFAS bioaccumulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c01695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:56:38Z","timestamp":1788414998000},"page":"25149-25158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expanding\nthe Scope of PFAS Research to Include Adipose\nTissues"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4062-4009","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaodi","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, 10691"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2562-7339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"MacLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, 10691"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amila O.","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada , , , ,","place":["Burlington, Ontario, Canada, L7S 1A1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7687-6629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karl J.","family":"Jobst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland , , , ,","place":["St. John\u2019s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, A1C 5S7"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5304-650X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Me\u0301lanie Z.","family":"Lauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, 10691"]},{"name":"Eawag , , ,","place":["Du\u0308bendorf, Switzerland, 8600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-0107","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seth R.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , , ,","place":["Washington, D.C., United States, 20460"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Prihodova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, 10691"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Museum of Natural History , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, 10405"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8490-8600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne L.","family":"Soerensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Museum of Natural History , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, 10405"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0386-9548","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elsie M.","family":"Sunderland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University , , , ,","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, 02138"]},{"name":"Harvard University , , , ,","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, 02138"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5940-637X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Benskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, 10691"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8702-1602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) , , , ,","place":["Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8506"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit1","unstructured":"PubChem.\n          .  Browse PFAS and Fluorinated Compounds in PubChem.https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/classification\/#hid=120. (accessed\n2025-09-26)."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1103","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae341","article-title":"Defining Overweight\nand Obesity by Percent Body Fat Instead of Body Mass Index","volume":"110","author":"Potter","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-373553-9.X0001-6","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of\nMarine Mammals","author":"Perrin","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153711","article-title":"Microbial\nbiotransformation of aqueous film-forming foam derived polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances","volume":"824","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.4c00143","article-title":"Bioaccumulation\nof Perfluoroalkyl\nSulfonamides (FASA)","volume":"11","author":"Pickard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol.\nLett."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128615","article-title":"Systematic Developmental Toxicity Assessment of a Structurally\nDiverse Library of PFAS in Zebrafish","volume":"431","author":"Truong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12070501","article-title":"Using Zebrafish to\nScreen Developmental Toxicity of\nPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)","volume":"12","author":"Britton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.04.022","article-title":"Comparative\nhepatic in vitro depletion and metabolite formation of major perfluorooctane\nsulfonate precursors in arctic polar bear, beluga whale, and ringed\nseal","volume":"112","author":"Letcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b06773","article-title":"Fluorine Mass Balance and Suspect\nScreening in Marine Mammals from the Northern Hemisphere","volume":"54","author":"Spaan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.9b00031","article-title":"Phospholipid Levels\nPredict the Tissue Distribution of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances\nin a Marine Mammal","volume":"6","author":"Dassuncao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2524513123","article-title":"Large declines in organofluorine\ncontamination indicated by subarctic marine mammal tissues","volume":"123","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00661","article-title":"High Concentrations\nof Unidentified Extractable Organofluorine Observed in Blubber from\na Greenland Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)","volume":"7","author":"Schultes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.06.021","article-title":"POPs in free-ranging\npilot whales, sperm whales and fin whales from the Mediterranean Sea:\nInfluence of biological and ecological factors","volume":"142","author":"Pinzone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5c00516","article-title":"Discovery\nof Fluorotelomer Sulfones\nin the Blubber of Greenland Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)","volume":"12","author":"Lauria","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182362","article-title":"Skull and\nNeck Lesions in a Long-Finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas): A Result of Ship Collision?","volume":"12","author":"Alstrup","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9491","article-title":"Exposure of\nperfluorinated chemicals through lactation: levels of matched human\nmilk and serum and a temporal trend, 1996\u20132004, in Sweden","volume":"115","author":"Ka\u0308rrman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EM00174J","article-title":"Inter-individual, inter-city, and\ntemporal trends of\nper- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in human milk from Swedish mothers\nbetween 1972 and 2016","volume":"20","author":"Nyberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Processes\nImpacts"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00077A","article-title":"Emerging per- and\npolyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)\nin human milk from Sweden and China","volume":"22","author":"Awad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci.: Processes Impacts"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c09896","article-title":"Changes in Concentrations of Polyfluoroalkyl\nSubstances in Human Milk Over Lactation Time and Effects of Maternal\nExposure via Analysis of Matched Sample","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7950","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c09852","article-title":"Self-Collection\nBlood Test for PFASs: Comparing Volumetric Microsamplers with a Traditional\nSerum Approach","volume":"57","author":"Carignan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13388","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b03299","article-title":"Distribution of Novel and Well-Known\nPoly- and Perfluoroalkyl\nSubstances (PFASs) in Human Serum, Plasma, and Whole Blood","volume":"51","author":"Poothong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4699","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c13059","article-title":"Exploiting Molecular\nIons for Screening Hydrophobic Contaminants in Sediments Using Gas\nChromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Ion Mobility-Mass\nSpectrometry","volume":"59","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.08.016","article-title":"Gas chromatography-tandem\nmass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for\nfluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorinated sulfonamides determination","volume":"1413","author":"Portole\u0301s","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7666","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01219","article-title":"Aerobic Biotransformation\nof Fluorotelomer Thioether\nAmido Sulfonate (Lodyne) in AFFF-Amended Microcosms","volume":"49","author":"Harding-Marjanovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116259","article-title":"Paper product production identified\nas the main source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in\na Norwegian lake: Source and historic emission tracking","volume":"273","author":"Langberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1021\/es970886f","article-title":"Biotransformation versus Bioaccumulation:\nSources of Methyl Sulfone PCB and 4,4\u2018-DDE Metabolites in the\nPolar Bear Food Chain","volume":"32","author":"Letcher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.5c00071","article-title":"Liquid Crystal Monomers\nas Emerging Contaminants: Contaminated Distribution, Environmental\nBehavior, Detection Technologies, and Future Challenges","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8061","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c01130","article-title":"Suspect screening of liquid crystal\nmonomers (LCMs)\nin sediment using an established database covering 1173 LCMs","volume":"56","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107993","article-title":"Fluorinated\nliquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot\nprospective study","volume":"176","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25151","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c09784","article-title":"Occurrence\nand Health Risk of Emerging Liquid Crystal Monomers (LCMs) in Human\nMilk from Hunan, China","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15949","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c02905","article-title":"Fluorinated Liquid-Crystal\nMonomers in Serum from the General Population and Their Impact on\nHuman Health","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107894","article-title":"Tissue-specific uptake\nand distribution of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in mice","volume":"174","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160267","article-title":"Tissue-specific accumulation, bioaccumulation, and\ndepuration of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"859","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5259","DOI":"10.1021\/es4004075","article-title":"Identifying New\nPersistent and Bioaccumulative Organics\nAmong Chemicals in Commerce. III: Byproducts, Impurities, and Transformation\nProducts","volume":"47","author":"Howard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.002","article-title":"Compositional space:\nA guide for environmental chemists on the identification of persistent\nand bioaccumulative organics using mass spectrometry","volume":"132","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-020-02658-w","article-title":"Examining NTA performance\nand potential using fortified and reference house dust as part of\nEPA\u2019s Non-Targeted Analysis Collaborative Trial (ENTACT)","volume":"412","author":"Newton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11096","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c02325","article-title":"Gas chromatography-(cyclic)\nion mobility\nmass spectrometry: A novel platform for the discovery of unknown per-\/polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances","volume":"94","author":"MacNeil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15912","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c05465","article-title":"Which of the (Mixed)\nHalogenated n-Alkanes Are Likely To Be Persistent Organic Pollutants?","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.1021\/es048267b","article-title":"Is House Dust\nthe Missing Exposure Pathway for PBDEs? An Analysis of the Urban Fate\nand Human Exposure to PBDEs","volume":"39","author":"Jones-Otazo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1021\/es5010544","article-title":"Using Model-Based Screening to Help\nDiscover Unknown Environmental Contaminants","volume":"48","author":"McLachlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05443","article-title":"Distribution and Elimination of Trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane\nOligomers in Both Biosolid-Amended Soils and Earthworms","volume":"55","author":"Zhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12235","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02508","article-title":"Identification\nand Elimination of Fluorinated Methylsiloxanes in Environmental Matrices\nnear a Manufacturing Plant in Eastern China","volume":"52","author":"Zhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116224","article-title":"Phenylmethylsiloxanes\nand trifluoropropylmethylsiloxanes in municipal sludges from wastewater\ntreatment plants in China: Their distribution, degradation and risk\nassessment","volume":"185","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1021\/j100007a062","article-title":"Conductor-like\nScreening Model for Real Solvents: A New Approach to the Quantitative\nCalculation of Solvation Phenomena","volume":"99","author":"Klamt","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Phys.\nChem."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690480220","article-title":"Fast Solvent Screening via Quantum Chemistry: COSMO-RS Approach","volume":"48","author":"Eckert","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17534","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c07503","article-title":"Intermolecular\nInteractions, Solute Descriptors, and Partition Properties of Neutral\nPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)","volume":"57","author":"Endo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit47","unstructured":"Ritter, J. C.; Moloy, K. G.; Drysdale, N. E.; Pollino, J. M.; Mahajan, S.\n          Process for the synthesis\nof fluorinated ethers of aromatic acids. EP2473472A2, 2010."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EM00047D","article-title":"A food\nweb bioaccumulation model for the accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances (PFAS) in fish: how important is renal elimination?","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17828","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c02134","article-title":"Development and Evaluation of Aquatic and Terrestrial\nFood Web Bioaccumulation Models for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances","volume":"58","author":"Kelly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0059652","article-title":"A Database of Experimentally Derived\nand Estimated Octanol\u2013Air Partition Ratios (KOA)","volume":"50","author":"Baskaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1021\/je034214i","article-title":"Compilation,\nEvaluation, and Selection of Physical-Chemical\nProperty Data for \u03b1-, \u03b2-, and \u03b3-Hexachlorocyclohexane","volume":"49","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Data"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1562632","article-title":"A Comprehensive\nand Critical Compilation, Evaluation, and Selection of Physical\u2013Chemical\nProperty Data for Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyls","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit53","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\n          .  Estimation Programs\nInterface Suite for Microsoft\u00ae Windows, v 4.11 [Software]; United States Environmental Protection Agency: 2025."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2977-3504\/ae286f","article-title":"The PFAS roadmap\n\u2013 Navigating a path together to improved management","volume":"3","author":"Padhye","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sustain. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9518","DOI":"10.1021\/jp062684o","article-title":"What is so special about the sorption\nbehavior of highly\nfluorinated compounds?","volume":"110","author":"Goss","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EM00461A","article-title":"Characterization\nand dermal bioaccessibility of residual- and listed PFAS ingredients\nin cosmetic products","volume":"26","author":"Namazkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Processes\nImpacts"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EM00141E","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances (PFAS) in white-tailed sea eagle eggs from Sweden: temporal\ntrends (1969\u20132021), spatial variations, fluorine mass balance,\nand suspect screening","volume":"25","author":"Haque","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Processes\nImpacts"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00322","article-title":"Dietary Exposure\nand Health Risk of the Emerging Contaminant\nFluorinated Liquid-Crystal Monomers","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.4c00930","article-title":"Filling the Gaps\nin PFAS Detection: Integrating GC-MS Non-Targeted Analysis for Comprehensive\nEnvironmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment","volume":"12","author":"Newton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-018-1138-z","article-title":"Negative-ion atmospheric\npressure\nionisation of semi-volatile fluorinated compounds for ultra-high-performance\nliquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis","volume":"410","author":"Ayala-Cabrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.339720","article-title":"Paper spray-atmospheric\npressure photoionization-high resolution mass spectrometry for the\ndirect analysis of neutral fluorinated compounds in waterproof impregnation\nsprays","volume":"1204","author":"Sero\u0301","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25296","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c11712","article-title":"Shedding\nLight on PFAS Dark Matter Using a Novel GC-HRMS Approach","volume":"59","author":"Koelmel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.12.004","article-title":"A novel methodology\nfor the determination of neutral perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances in water by gas chromatography- atmospheric pressure photoionisation-high\nresolution mass spectrometry","volume":"1100","author":"Ayala-Cabrera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.3c00088","article-title":"Rapid Screening\nand Quantification of PFAS Enabled\nby SPME-DART-MS","volume":"34","author":"Emmons","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14085","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c03319","article-title":"Nanospray\nLaser-Induced Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Sensitive and\nHigh-Coverage Analysis of Broad Polarity Organic Pollutants","volume":"96","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8760","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c01220","article-title":"Identifying Unknown Fluorine-Containing\nCompounds in\nEnvironmental Samples Using 19F NMR and Spectral Database\nMatching","volume":"57","author":"Gauthier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c12004","article-title":"Advancing PFAS Detection through\nMachine Learning Prediction of 19F NMR Spectra","volume":"60","author":"Rao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c09341","article-title":"Fluorinated Pharmaceutical and Pesticide\nPhotolysis: Investigating Reactivity and Identifying Fluorinated Products\nby Combining Computational Chemistry, 19F NMR, and Mass\nSpectrometry","volume":"58","author":"Bhat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026091511120469600_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8406","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c02545","article-title":"Experimental\nDetermination of Air\/Water\nPartition Coefficients for 21 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances\nReveals Variable Performance of Property Prediction Models","volume":"57","author":"Endo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.69.2.30164186","article-title":"Changes\nin the body composition of\nfasting polar bears (Ursus maritimus): The effect\nof relative fatness on protein conservation","volume":"69","author":"Atkinson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11654","DOI":"10.1021\/es503147n","article-title":"Effect of\nBody Condition on Tissue Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Substances\n(PFASs) in Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus)","volume":"48","author":"Aas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1139\/z90-069","article-title":"Seasonal changes in body mass and\nbody composition of ringed seals (Phoca hispida)\non Svalbard","volume":"68","author":"Ryg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2241","article-title":"Seasonal\nemaciation causes tissue redistribution and\nan increased potential for toxicity of lipophilic pollutants in farmed\narctic fox (Vulpes lagopus)","volume":"32","author":"Helgason","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511120469600_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(01)00278-0","article-title":"Body burdens and tissue concentrations\nof organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) vary during seasonal fasts","volume":"118","author":"Polischuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c01695","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/36\/25149\/68035107\/acs.est.6c01695.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/36\/25149\/68035107\/acs.est.6c01695.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:31:53Z","timestamp":1789486313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/36\/25149\/5389118\/Expanding-the-Scope-of-PFAS-Research-to-Include"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c01695","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}}}