{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:52:45Z","timestamp":1787071965124,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008638","name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDE-CA-2022g010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDE-CA-2022g010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008638","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Metals are essential to a wide range of strategic sectors, and their demand is expected to increase rapidly, along with associated environmental impacts. Yet, the ability of life-cycle assessment (LCA) to guide sustainable decisions remains constrained by life-cycle inventory (LCI) data that are incomplete and insufficiently representative across time, technology, and geography, often failing to capture site-level specificity. Building on MetalliCan, a high-resolution data set of Canadian mining and metallurgical activities, this study proposes a modular framework to construct site-specific and production-weighted inventories for mining products. The framework integrates facility-level environmental data and applies a hierarchical data-driven strategy that prioritizes site-specific parametrization, complemented by archetype-based inference and literature-derived proxies. Site-specific inventories are further integrated with regionalized background supply chains and spatially explicit environmental flows. Using this approach, 35 site-specific inventories are constructed for gold\u2013silver, copper, nickel, uranium, molybdenum, and zinc mining and implemented in Brightway2. Life-cycle impact assessment is performed using the IMPACT World+ 2.1 method. Results reveal pronounced site-level heterogeneity, with potential impacts varying by up to a factor of 13 across facilities producing the same product and by up to a factor of 6 relative to background proxy data sets, indicating that reliance on generic inventories can mask critical differences. Overall, this work highlights the importance of granular inventories for robust environmental assessment and science-based policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c01701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:39:03Z","timestamp":1785854343000},"page":"22408-22422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward Site-Specific\nLife-Cycle Assessment for Mining\nActivities: Methodological Framework and Application to 35 Production\nSites in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6051-8723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marin","family":"Pellan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAIG, Ecole Polytechnique de Montre\u0301al , P.O. Box 6079, , ,","place":["Montre\u0301al, Que\u0301bec, Canada, H3C 3A7"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9377-4552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Titouan","family":"Greffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAIG, Institute of Environmental Sciences, UQAM , , ,","place":["Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 3Y7"]},{"name":"CIRAIG, Department of Strategy and Corporate Social Responsibility, ESG, UQAM , , ,","place":["Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3P8"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Majeau-Bettez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAIG, Ecole Polytechnique de Montre\u0301al , P.O. Box 6079, , ,","place":["Montre\u0301al, Que\u0301bec, Canada, H3C 3A7"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"de Bortoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAIG, Ecole Polytechnique de Montre\u0301al , P.O. Box 6079, , ,","place":["Montre\u0301al, Que\u0301bec, Canada, H3C 3A7"]},{"name":"CIRAIG, Department of Strategy and Corporate Social Responsibility, ESG, UQAM , , ,","place":["Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3P8"]},{"name":"LVMT, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech , Cite\u0301 Descartes, 6-8 Avenue Blaise Pascal , ,","place":["Champs-sur-Marne, France, 77420"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit1","unstructured":"International Energy Agency,  The Role of\nCritical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions; 2021."},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.13593","article-title":"Global Material Flows and Resource\nProductivity: The 2024 Update","volume":"28","author":"Schandl","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ind. Ecol."},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit3","volume-title":"Bend the Trend: Pathways to a Liveable Planet as Resource\nUse Spikes; Global Resources Outlook 2024","author":"UNEP.","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-025-00683-w","article-title":"Metal Mining\nIs a Global Driver of Environmental Change","volume":"6","author":"Giljum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Earth Environ"},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16941-y","article-title":"Scientists\u2019\nWarning on Affluence","volume":"11","author":"Wiedmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit6","unstructured":"Wang, S.; Cook, P.; Stein, A.; Lloyd, J.; Smith, C..  Updated Mining Footprints and Raw Material Needs for Clean\nEnergy, 2023."},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit7","unstructured":"ICMM.\n          \n          Global Mining & Metals Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Dataset, 2026."},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-025-01661-2","article-title":"Doubling of\nthe global freshwater\nfootprint of material production over two decades","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Sustainability"},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107572","article-title":"Future Environmental\nImpacts of Metals: A Systematic Review of Impact Trends, Modelling\nApproaches, and Challenges","volume":"205","author":"Harpprecht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resour., Conserv.\nRecycl."},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01547-4","article-title":"An Update on Global\nMining Land Use","volume":"9","author":"Maus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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Res.: Infrastruct.\nSustainability"},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/s44359-025-00107-4","article-title":"Addressing Critical\nChallenges towards a Robust Data\nSystem for Life Cycle Assessment","volume":"1","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Reviews\nClean Technology"},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.70010","article-title":"Shedding Light\non the Shadows: Transparency Challenge in Background Life Cycle Inventory\nData","volume":"29","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ind. Ecol."},{"key":"2026081810414335300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-024-02280-3","article-title":"Can LCA Be\nFAIR? Assessing the Status Quo and Opportunities for FAIR Data Sharing","volume":"29","author":"Ghose","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. 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