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Aircraft measurements of BB plumes show a rapid increase in the OA oxidation state, which could not be reproduced in simulation chambers based on gas-phase oxidation. Here, we investigate isolation key aging processes of BB emissions in controlled chamber experiments, including the effects of ultraviolet-A irradiation, OH-driven secondary OA formation, heterogeneous OH oxidation or ozonolysis, and evaporation. We find that ultraviolet-A irradiation can drive rapid intraparticle OA aging within hours, proceeding an order of magnitude faster than gas-phase oxidation. Other mechanisms were even slower in producing oxygenated OA (OOA). Based on our experiments, we estimate that this process proceeds with a quantum yield of \u223c0.4%, meaning that four in every thousand photons absorbed by organic chromophores in BBOA generate radicals in the particle phase that rapidly oxidize the particulate organics. We further analyzed aircraft measurements of wildfire and prescribed burn plumes, showing that photoinduced processes can account for much of the rapid OOA formation. We estimate that, in BB-influenced regions, over half of OOA may originate from photo-oxidized primary OA within the first day. Our findings challenge the prevailing paradigm that gas-phase oxidation dominates BBOA aging and highlight a previously underappreciated, but dominant role of intraparticle photochemistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c02532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:20:23Z","timestamp":1787498423000},"page":"24206-24216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Photoinduced Intraparticle\nChemistry Drives the Rapid\nAtmospheric Oxidation of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6952-2785","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rico K. Y.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary C. J.","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]},{"name":"University of Colorado , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]},{"name":"NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL) , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80305"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1815-2750","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mihnea","family":"Surdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich , , ,","place":["Zurich, Switzerland, 8093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2970-037X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-1369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin L.","family":"Modini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay G.","family":"Slowik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0441-2614","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Demetrios","family":"Pagonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]},{"name":"University of Colorado , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0487-3610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]},{"name":"University of Colorado , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-010X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"Campuzano-Jost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]},{"name":"University of Colorado , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6203-1847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose L.","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]},{"name":"NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL) , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80305"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5763-1925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Coggon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL) , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80305"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4608-3695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georgios I.","family":"Gkatzelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]},{"name":"NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL) , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80305"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3811-8496","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carsten","family":"Warneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL) , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80305"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80301"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk","family":"Ullmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80301"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3617-0269","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Glenn S.","family":"Diskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center , MS 483 , , ,","place":["Hampton, Virginia, United States, 23681"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6764-8624","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Digangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center , MS 483 , , ,","place":["Hampton, Virginia, United States, 23681"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9320-7101","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeff","family":"Peischl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80309"]},{"name":"NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL) , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80305"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-0954","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University , , , ,","place":["Tallahassee, Florida, United States, 32304"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , , , ,","place":["Davis, California, United States, 95616"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5203-8778","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , , , ,","place":["Davis, California, United States, 95616"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-7238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Imad","family":"El Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9243-8194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andre S. H.","family":"Prevot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"2026090307132158700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8523","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-8523-2019","article-title":"Emission\nof trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning \u2013 an updated\nassessment","volume":"19","author":"Andreae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090307132158700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146739","article-title":"Short-term health effects\nfrom outdoor exposure to biomass burning emissions: A review","volume":"781","author":"Karanasiou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090307132158700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13283","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-13283-2020","article-title":"Impact of biomass burning\naerosols on radiation, clouds, and precipitation over the Amazon:\nrelative importance of aerosol\u2013cloud and aerosol\u2013radiation\ninteractions","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090307132158700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113769","article-title":"Elevation in wildfire frequencies with respect to the climate change","volume":"301","author":"Mansoor","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2026090307132158700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128834","article-title":"Warming and Earlier\nSpring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity","volume":"313","author":"Westerling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"44","key":"2026090307132158700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17011","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05017","article-title":"Impact of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol Volatility\non Smoke Concentrations Downwind of Fires","volume":"57","author":"Pagonis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307132158700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae014","article-title":"Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds\nin secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090307132158700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cp44695f","article-title":"Heterogeneous OH oxidation of biomass burning organic\naerosol surrogate compounds: assessment of volatilisation products\nand the role of OH concentration on the reactive uptake kinetics","volume":"15","author":"Slade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307132158700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-253-2015","article-title":"Elemental\nratio measurements of organic compounds\nusing aerosol mass spectrometry: characterization, improved calibration,\nand implications","volume":"15","author":"Canagaratna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307132158700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-14-923-2021","article-title":"A new method for long-term\nsource apportionment with time-dependent factor profiles and uncertainty\nassessment using SoFi Pro: application to 1 year of organic aerosol\ndata","volume":"14","author":"Canonaco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090307132158700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6159","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-6159-2014","article-title":"Organic aerosol components\nderived from 25 AMS data sets across Europe using a consistent ME-2\nbased source apportionment approach","volume":"14","author":"Crippa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090307132158700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7771","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD028475","article-title":"Sources and Secondary\nProduction of Organic Aerosols\nin the Northeastern United States during WINTER","volume":"123","author":"Schroder","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"key":"2026090307132158700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107325","article-title":"European aerosol phenomenology \u2013 8:\nHarmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long\nACSM\/AMS datasets","volume":"166","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090307132158700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8037","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-8037-2019","article-title":"Organic\naerosol source apportionment in Zurich using an extractive electrospray\nionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) \u2013\nPart 2: Biomass burning influences in winter","volume":"19","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090307132158700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10007","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02588","article-title":"Aging Effects\non Biomass Burning Aerosol Mass and Composition: A Critical Review\nof Field and Laboratory Studies","volume":"53","author":"Hodshire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026090307132158700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13093","DOI":"10.1021\/es302386v","article-title":"Characterizing the aging of biomass burning organic aerosol by use\nof mixing ratios: a meta-analysis of four regions","volume":"46","author":"Jolleys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090307132158700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12049","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-12049-2011","article-title":"Effects\nof aging on organic aerosol from open\nbiomass burning smoke in aircraft and laboratory studies","volume":"11","author":"Cubison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307132158700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5309","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-5309-2020","article-title":"Transformation\nand ageing\nof biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol over tropical South America\nfrom aircraft in situ measurements during SAMBBA","volume":"20","author":"Morgan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307132158700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.9b00125","article-title":"Emission and Evolution\nof Submicron Organic Aerosol\nin Smoke from Wildfires in the Western United States","volume":"3","author":"Garofalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Earth Space Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090307132158700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7383","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD025040","article-title":"Agricultural\nfires in\nthe southeastern U.S. during SEACRS: Emissions of trace gases and\nparticles and evolution of ozone, reactive nitrogen, and organic aerosol","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090307132158700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-025-01645-z","article-title":"Anthropogenic organic aerosol in Europe produced\nmainly through second-generation oxidation","volume":"18","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090307132158700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12797","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-12797-2019","article-title":"Secondary\norganic aerosol formation from the laboratory oxidation of biomass\nburning emissions","volume":"19","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307132158700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD029068","article-title":"Production of Secondary Organic Aerosol During\nAging of Biomass Burning Smoke From Fresh Fuels and Its Relationship\nto VOC Precursors","volume":"124","author":"Ahern","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"key":"2026090307132158700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.09.005","article-title":"Primary emissions and secondary aerosol\nproduction potential from woodstoves for residential heating: Influence\nof the stove technology and combustion efficiency","volume":"169","author":"Bertrand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026090307132158700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14821","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-14821-2017","article-title":"Open burning of rice,\ncorn and wheat straws: primary emissions, photochemical\naging, and secondary organic aerosol formation","volume":"17","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307132158700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestair.3c00063","article-title":"Light Exposure\nof Wood Smoke Aerosol: Connecting Optical\nProperties, Oxidation, Radical Formation, and Chemical Composition","volume":"1","author":"Liu-Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS EST Air"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026090307132158700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5209","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.3c01794","article-title":"Photoenhanced Radical\nFormation in\nAqueous Mixtures of Levoglucosan and Benzoquinone: Implications to\nPhotochemical Aging of Biomass-Burning Organic Aerosols","volume":"127","author":"Gerritz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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