{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:12:32Z","timestamp":1788437552429,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82330103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82330103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with substantial mortality. While fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a recognized risk factor for multiple infectious diseases, its role in the prognosis of SFTS remains unexplored. In a cohort of 3583 hospitalized SFTS patients, we found that long-term pre-admission exposure to ambient PM2.5 was significantly associated with an increased risk of SFTS-attributable death, with a corresponding hazard ratio of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04 and 1.30) per 10 \u03bcg\/m3 increment. Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that viral load partially explains this association. In a model-based counterfactual burden assessment, we estimated that 137 SFTS-attributable deaths in Xinyang during 2010\u20132022 might have been potentially avoidable under a hypothetical scenario in which annual PM2.5 concentrations complied with the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Complementary experimental studies showed that PM2.5 pre-exposure exacerbated SFTSV infection, increasing viral replication and tissue injury. Transcriptomic analyses implicated mitochondrial redox metabolism and reactive-oxygen-species-related pathways, while ROS\/MDA measurements and N-acetylcysteine intervention supported PM2.5-induced oxidative priming as a plausible upstream contributing mechanism for enhanced SFTSV replication and disease severity. In summary, this study provides epidemiological evidence linking long-term PM2.5 exposure to poorer SFTS prognosis and suggests a biologically plausible role of oxidative stress-related redox imbalance. These findings highlight the potential relevance of air-quality improvement for reducing severe outcomes of SFTS in endemic regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c03214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:59:19Z","timestamp":1787392759000},"page":"23764-23777","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PM2.5 Exposure and the Prognosis of Severe\nFever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: An Integrated Epidemiological\nand Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7986-8977","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Faxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruobing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoyue","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Company, Limited , , ,","place":["Xinyang, China, 463002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]},{"name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6280-267X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]},{"name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"2026090307135481400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010095","article-title":"Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel\nbunyavirus in China","volume":"364","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307135481400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0712-2","article-title":"Structure\nof severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus L protein elucidates\nthe mechanisms of viral transcription initiation","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307135481400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2110.150126","article-title":"Haemaphysalis longicornis\nTicks as Reservoir and Vector\nof Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in China","volume":"21","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307135481400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0758","article-title":"Person-to-person\ntransmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.03.017","article-title":"The\nprospective evaluation of viral loads in\npatients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome","volume":"78","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin Virol"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.04.018","article-title":"Viral shedding from\ndiverse body fluids in a patient\nwith severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090307135481400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130792","article-title":"Severe\nfever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, South Korea, 2012","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307135481400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit603","article-title":"The first\nidentification and retrospective study of\nSevere Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan","volume":"209","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307135481400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2505.181463","article-title":"Endemic\nSevere Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, Vietnam","volume":"25","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090307135481400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3014.240163","article-title":"Comprehensive Surveillance\nof Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia\nSyndrome Virus in Patients with Acute Febrile Illness, Wild Rodents,\nand Trombiculid Larval Mites, Thailand","volume":"30","author":"Linsuwanon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg\nInfect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090307135481400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.200135","article-title":"Genotypic Heterogeneity of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Scrub Typhus\nPatients and Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Co-infection, Myanmar","volume":"26","author":"Win","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307135481400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2607.190611","article-title":"Serologic\nEvidence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia\nSyndrome Virus and Related Viruses in Pakistan","volume":"26","author":"Zohaib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307135481400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.16250\/j.32.1915.2024288","article-title":"Epidemiological\ncharacteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in\nChina from 2010 to 2023","volume":"37","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong\nBing Fang Zhi Za Zhi"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090307135481400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3851","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1561","article-title":"Epidemiology and Ecology of Severe Fever\nWith\nThrombocytopenia Syndrome in China, 2010\u20132018","volume":"73","author":"Miao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.10.008","article-title":"Fatal patients with\nsevere fever with thrombocytopenia\nsyndrome in China","volume":"125","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit16","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China.\n          .  Notice on Including Chikungunya and Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia\nSyndrome in the Management of Class B Infectious Diseases; National Health Commission of the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China: Beijing, China, 2026; https:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/ylyjs\/zcwj\/202603\/4bdf2711c23a4d929aaf272cfcc49ece.shtml (accessed July 28, 2026)."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307135481400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30293-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and\nclinical features of laboratory-diagnosed severe\nfever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China, 2011\u201317: a prospective\nobservational study","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307135481400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010489","article-title":"Clinical laboratory parameters and\nfatality of Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients:\nA systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS\nNegl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090307135481400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-022-04506-4","article-title":"Analysis of\nrisk factors associated with fatal outcome among severe fever with\nthrombocytopenia syndrome patients from 2015 to 2019 in Shandong,\nChina","volume":"41","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307135481400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2025.12.008","article-title":"Predicting mortality risk of severe fever with thrombocytopenia\nsyndrome: A multi-center retrospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307135481400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002820","article-title":"Epidemiologic\nfeatures and environmental risk factors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia\nsyndrome, Xinyang, China","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307135481400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2425","article-title":"Environmental\nRisk Factors and Geographic Distribution of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia\nSyndrome in Jiangsu Province, China","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vector\nBorne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141522","article-title":"Factors\nassociated with spatial distribution of severe fever with thrombocytopenia\nsyndrome","volume":"750","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307135481400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21527-8","article-title":"Relationship between\nmeteorological factors and the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia\nsyndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Mo","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090307135481400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad196","article-title":"Association\nof Deforestation\nWith Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome","volume":"228","author":"Nam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.844220","article-title":"Factors Associated\nWith Severe Fever\nWith Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Endemic Areas of China","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307135481400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27049-2","article-title":"A national cohort study (2000\u20132018) of long-term\nair pollution exposure and incident dementia in older adults in the\nUnited States","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090307135481400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E337","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30136-5","article-title":"Association of air particulate\npollution with bone loss over time and bone fracture risk: analysis\nof data from two independent studies","volume":"1","author":"Prada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet\nPlanetary Health"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad886","article-title":"Air pollutants, genetic susceptibility, and abdominal\naortic aneurysm risk: a prospective study","volume":"45","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur.\nHeart J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307135481400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57004","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11882","article-title":"Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air\nPollution and Mortality among Four\nMillion COVID-19 Cases in Italy: The EpiCovAir Study","volume":"131","author":"Stafoggia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307135481400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38469-7","article-title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and severe\nCOVID-19 in Catalonia: a population-based cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Ranzani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162589","article-title":"Ambient particulate\nmatter, a novel factor hindering life spans of HIV\/AIDS patients:\nEvidence from a ten-year cohort study in Hubei","volume":"875","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"China. Sci. Total Environ"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307135481400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13101256","article-title":"Particulate Matter-Induced\nEmerging Health Effects\nAssociated with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"173","key":"2026090307135481400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230259","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0259-2023","article-title":"Fine particulate matter manipulates\nimmune response to exacerbate microbial pathogenesis in the respiratory\ntract","volume":"33","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Respir Rev."},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00091","article-title":"The Impact\nof PM2.5 on the Host Defense\nof Respiratory System","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307135481400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s44298-025-00110-3","article-title":"Effects of\noxidative stress on viral\ninfections: an overview","volume":"3","author":"Kayesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Viruses"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.07.001","article-title":"PM2.5 compromises antiviral immunity in influenza infection\nby inhibiting activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and expression of interferon-beta","volume":"125","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090307135481400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2025.2503564","article-title":"SFTSV induces liver ferroptosis through m6A-related\nferritinophagy","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.08.006","article-title":"Apodemus agrarius is a potential natural host\nof severe fever with\nthrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS)-causing novel bunyavirus","volume":"71","author":"Ni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin Virol"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112136","article-title":"Reconstructing 1-km-resolution\nhigh-quality PM2.5 data records from 2000 to 2018 in China:\nspatiotemporal variations and policy implications","volume":"252","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307135481400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-3273-2020","article-title":"Improved 1 km resolution PM2.5 estimates across China\nusing enhanced space-time extremely randomized trees","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307135481400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6116","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c08527","article-title":"All-Cause\nMortality Risk and Attributable Deaths Associated with Long-Term Exposure\nto Ambient PM2.5 in Chinese Adults","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167093","article-title":"Submicronic\nparticulate matter (PM1), a \u201cneglected\nkiller\u201d for HIV\/AIDS patients in Hubei, China: Results from\na cohort study from 2001 to 2020","volume":"905","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total\nEnviron."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307135481400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05532","article-title":"Modification of Food\nAllergy on the Associations between\nEarly Life Exposure to Size-Specific Particulate Matter and Childhood\nAllergic Rhinitis","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121594","article-title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 severity:\nA cohort study in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom","volume":"327","author":"Hyman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"7382","key":"2026090307135481400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219","article-title":"Interaction revisited: the difference\nbetween two estimates","volume":"326","author":"Altman","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307135481400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-019-0214-z","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers\nreduce severe fever with thrombocytopenia\nsyndrome virus (SFTSV) related fatality","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell\nRes."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307135481400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00541-3","article-title":"Clinical effect and antiviral mechanism of\nT-705 in treating severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"459","key":"2026090307135481400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat4162","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat4162","article-title":"Arginine deficiency is involved in thrombocytopenia\nand immunosuppression in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307135481400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181cb41f7","article-title":"Estimating error\nin using ambient\nPM2.5 concentrations as proxies for personal exposures:\na review","volume":"21","author":"Avery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307135481400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901158","article-title":"Estimating\nerror in using residential\noutdoor PM2.5 concentrations as proxies for personal exposures:\na meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Avery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106297","article-title":"Determinants\nof personal exposure to PM2.5 and black carbon in Chinese\nadults: A repeated-measures study in\nvillages using solid fuel energy","volume":"146","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166647","article-title":"Characterising personal,\nhousehold, and community PM2.5 exposure in one urban and\ntwo rural communities in China","volume":"904","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307135481400_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-13-2","article-title":"Exposure measurement\nerror in PM2.5 health effects studies:\na pooled analysis of eight personal exposure validation studies","volume":"13","author":"Kioumourtzoglou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-015-0027-6","article-title":"The association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on all-cause\nmortality in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study and the impact of measurement-error\ncorrection","volume":"14","author":"Hart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103175","article-title":"Cellular senescence\nas a systems-level\ndriver of cardiovascular ageing","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ageing Res.\nRev."},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.03.042","article-title":"Chronic PM2.5 exposure and inflammation:\ndetermining sensitive subgroups in mid-life\nwomen","volume":"132","author":"Ostro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307135481400_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2026.2659994","article-title":"The oxidative stress paradigm in\narbovirus infections: mechanisms and therapeutic insights","volume":"31","author":"Ke Yee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"key":"2026090307135481400_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115069","article-title":"Potential mechanisms mediating PM2.5-induced\nalterations\nof H3N2 influenza virus infection and cytokine production in human\nbronchial epithelial cells","volume":"259","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ.\nSaf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307135481400_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2021.02.004","article-title":"Fine particulate\nmatter (PM2.5) promotes IgE-mediated mast cell activation\nthrough ROS\/Gadd45b\/JNK axis","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307135481400_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2022.2036507","article-title":"Lycium Barbarum\npolysaccharide protects HaCaT cells from PM2.5-induced\napoptosis via inhibiting oxidative stress, ER stress and autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Rep"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c03214","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/34\/23764\/66982957\/acs.est.6c03214.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/34\/23764\/66982957\/acs.est.6c03214.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:14:06Z","timestamp":1788434046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/34\/23764\/5285286\/PM2-5-Exposure-and-the-Prognosis-of-Severe-Fever"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"34","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c03214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]}}}