{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:12:32Z","timestamp":1788437552366,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative DAF, an advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025-366052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-366052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Stanford Sustainability Accelerator Program on Greenhouse Gas Removal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GHG-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHG-0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Stanford Data Science Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The addition of silicate and carbonate materials to soils (enhanced weathering) is a proposed carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy with potential agronomic co-benefits, especially for soil pH management. However, alkalinity from mineral dissolution interacts with the surface proton reservoir (SPR), consuming alkalinity prior to export and complicating quantification. Because durable CDR requires transmission of alkalinity to marine storage, soil export constitutes a mechanistically definable upper bound on EW performance. Here, we develop a framework that partitions operational cation exchange measurements into electrostatic and pH-dependent coordinative surface reservoirs and embed this representation within a reactive transport model to explicitly couple the depth-dependent SPR, cation exchange, alkalinity generation, and CO2(g) exchange. We apply this approach to contrasting silicate (olivine) and carbonate (calcite) amendments across representative hydrologic conditions. Using distance-based generalized sensitivity analysis, we identify the multivariate control space involving SPR magnitude, baseline soil pH, soil moisture, and amendment rate that governs alkalinity export efficiency. Simulations show that amendment-derived alkalinity is largely neutralized during early dissolution, with substantial impairment occurring below the shallow (&amp;gt;25 cm) soil zone. As a result, proxy-based estimates of alkalinity export derived from dissolved inorganic carbon or base cations exhibit systematic and depth-dependent bias. These findings highlight the SPR as a first-order limitation on EW alkalinity export and suggest appropriate screening and monitoring strategies for CDR quantification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c03236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:01:56Z","timestamp":1787022116000},"page":"24044-24056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface\nProton Reservoirs\nConstrain Alkalinity Export\nfrom Enhanced Weathering"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5982-6064","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kate","family":"Maher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability , , , ,","place":["Stanford, California, United States, 94305"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3936-5838","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brian","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability , , , ,","place":["Stanford, California, United States, 94305"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2676-2452","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zach","family":"Perzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada Las Vegas , , , ,","place":["Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89154"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Kukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CarbonPlan , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94115"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307141786700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01808-7","article-title":"Durability of Carbon Dioxide Removal\nIs Critical for Paris Climate Goals","volume":"5","author":"Brunner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun.\nEarth Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307141786700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-025-00713-7","article-title":"Challenges and Opportunities in Scaling\nEnhanced Weathering\nfor Carbon Dioxide Removal","volume":"6","author":"Beerling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth\nEnviron."},{"issue":"39","key":"2026090307141786700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17215","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c02368","article-title":"Enhanced Rock Weathering\nfor Carbon\nRemoval-Monitoring and Mitigating Potential Environmental Impacts\non Agricultural Land","volume":"58","author":"Levy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090307141786700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15607","article-title":"Potential\nBenefits of Liming to Acid Soils on Climate Change Mitigation and\nFood Security","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.agron.2016.05.001","article-title":"Functional\nRelationships of Soil Acidification, Liming, and Greenhouse Gas Flux","volume-title":"Advances in Agronomy","author":"Kunhikrishnan","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090307141786700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/2016RG000533","article-title":"Assessing\nOcean Alkalinity for Carbon Sequestration","volume":"55","author":"Renforth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev.\nGeophys."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090307141786700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15261","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c03163","article-title":"A. Nano- to\nGlobal-Scale Uncertainties in Terrestrial Enhanced Weathering","volume":"56","author":"Calabrese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176568","article-title":"In-Field\nCarbon Dioxide Removal via\nWeathering of Crushed Basalt Applied to Acidic Tropical Agricultural\nSoil","volume":"955","author":"Holden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2024.1510747","article-title":"Are Enhanced\nRock Weathering Rates Overestimated? A\nFew Geochemical and Mineralogical Pitfalls","volume":"6","author":"Power","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2024.1524998","article-title":"Accounting for\nRetarded Weathering Products in Comparing Methods for Quantifying\nCarbon Dioxide Removal in a Short-Term Enhanced Weathering Study","volume":"6","author":"te Pas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307141786700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ade0d5","article-title":"Soil Cation Storage Is a Key Control\non the Carbon\nRemoval Dynamics of Enhanced Weathering","volume":"20","author":"Kanzaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ.\nRes. Lett."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026090307141786700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25751","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c09820","article-title":"Three Years of Field\nTrials Indicate\na Sustained Enhanced Rock Weathering Signal with Limited CO2 Removal","volume":"59","author":"Dupla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2022.954064","article-title":"Assessment of\nthe Enhanced Weathering Potential of Different Silicate Minerals to\nImprove Soil Quality and Sequester CO2","volume":"4","author":"te Pas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026090307141786700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19497","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c03609","article-title":"Initial\nValidation of a Soil-Based Mass-Balance Approach for Empirical Monitoring\nof Enhanced Rock Weathering Rates","volume":"57","author":"Reershemius","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307141786700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2319436121","article-title":"Enhanced Weathering in the US Corn Belt Delivers Carbon\nRemoval with Agronomic Benefits","volume":"121","author":"Beerling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl.\nAcad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2022.959229","article-title":"Quantification of\nCO2 Removal in a Large-Scale Enhanced Weathering Field\nTrial on an Oil Palm Plantation in Sabah, Malaysia","volume":"4","author":"Larkin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2024.1252210","article-title":"The Dissolution of\nOlivine Added to Soil at 32\u00b0C: The Fate of Weathering Products\nand Its Implications for Enhanced Weathering at Different Temperatures","volume":"6","author":"Iff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit18","unstructured":"Isometric.\n          . MRV Protocol\nfor Enhanced Weathering in Agriculture, v. 1.02024https:\/\/registry.isometric.com\/protocol\/enhanced-weathering-agriculture\/1.0#systems-boundary--ghg-emission-scope. (accessed January 21, 2025)."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit19","unstructured":"Puro.earth.\nEnhanced Rock Weathering Methodology. Puro.Earth\n          2024\n          https:\/\/7518557.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net\/hubfs\/7518557\/ERW%20Standards\/Enhanced_Rock_Weathering_2022_2.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307141786700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024MS004224","article-title":"Advancing\nEnhanced Weathering Modeling in Soils: Critical Comparison with Experimental\nData","volume":"17","author":"Bertagni","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307141786700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-17-103-2020","article-title":"Enhanced Weathering\nand Related Element Fluxes - a Cropland Mesocosm Approach","volume":"17","author":"Amann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307141786700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36113-4","article-title":"The Environmental Controls\non Efficiency of Enhanced Rock Weathering in Soils","volume":"13","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307141786700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1029\/94WR01048","article-title":"Cation\nand Proton Exchange, pH Variations, and Carbonate Reactions in a Freshening\nAquifer","volume":"30","author":"Appelo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090307141786700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740270313","article-title":"Measurement\nof Cation-Exchange Capacity of Soils","volume":"27","author":"Bache","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Sci.\nFood Agric."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026090307141786700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7901","DOI":"10.1021\/es0505806","article-title":"Proton Buffering\nand Metal Leaching in Sandy Soils","volume":"39","author":"Fest","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307141786700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1029\/93WR01067","article-title":"Multicomponent\nCation-Exchange Including Alkalinization Acidification Following Flow-through\nSandy Sediment","volume":"29","author":"Griffioen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Water Resour. 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Mineral."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012656446-4\/50009-8","article-title":"9 - The Chemistry\nof Soil Acidity","volume-title":"Environmental Soil Chemistry","author":"Sparks","year":"2003","edition":"2"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307141786700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2004.1228","article-title":"Soil Lime Requirement\nby Direct Titration with Calcium Hydroxide","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307141786700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2011.0327","article-title":"Comparison\nof Methods to Determine Crop Lime Requirement\nUnder Field Conditions","volume":"76","author":"Pagani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090307141786700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10596-014-9443-x","article-title":"Reactive Transport\nCodes for Subsurface Environmental Simulation","volume":"19","author":"Steefel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit33","article-title":"The Thermodynamics\nof Soil Solutions","author":"Sposito","year":"1981"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307141786700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2025.91A.13","article-title":"Practical Application\nof Surface Complexation Models: Evolution, Approaches, and Examples","volume":"91A","author":"Dzombak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Mineral. Geochem."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090307141786700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6196","DOI":"10.1021\/es900555g","article-title":"Evaluation\nof a Generic Multisurface\nSorption Model for Inorganic Soil Contaminants","volume":"43","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit36","article-title":"Surface Complexation Modeling:\nHydrous Ferric Oxide","author":"Dzombak","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit37","volume-title":"Kellogg\nSoil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual","author":"Soil Survey Staff.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090307141786700_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1974.tb01128.x","article-title":"Soluble\nAluminium and Calcium\u2013Aluminium Exchange in Relation to the\npH of Dilute Calcium Chloride Suspensions of Acid Soils","volume":"25","author":"Bache","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090307141786700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1021\/es980312q","article-title":"Application of the\nSurface Complexation Concept to Complex Mineral Assemblages","volume":"32","author":"Davis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307141786700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2008.06.005","article-title":"Use of\nSpeciation and Complexation Models to Estimate Heavy Metal Sorption\nin Soils","volume":"146","author":"Bonten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.03.011","article-title":"Evaluation\nof the Performance and Limitations of Empirical Partition-Relations\nand Process Based Multisurface Models to Predict Trace Element Solubility\nin Soils","volume":"166","author":"Groenenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307141786700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.030","article-title":"The Role of\nReaction Affinity and Secondary Minerals in Regulating Chemical Weathering\nRates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California","volume":"73","author":"Maher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2026090307141786700_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(03)00033-0","article-title":"Cesium Migration in\nHanford Sediment: A Multisite Cation Exchange Model Based on Laboratory\nTransport Experiments","volume":"67","author":"Steefel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439833544","volume-title":"Geochemistry, Groundwater\nand Pollution","author":"Appelo","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2136\/sssabookser5.3.c16","article-title":"Soil pH and\nSoil Acidity","volume-title":"Methods of Soil Analysis.\nPart 3. Chemical Methods","author":"Thomas","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307141786700_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(02)00129-8","article-title":"RES3T-Rossendorf\nExpert System for Surface and Sorption Thermodynamics","volume":"61","author":"Brendler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit47","first-page":"518","article-title":"A Quasi-Mechanistic\nNon-Electrostatic Modelling Approach to Metal Sorption on Clay Minerals","volume-title":"Interface Science and Technology","author":"Bradbury","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307141786700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2004.07.020","article-title":"Modelling the Sorption\nof Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II),\nCd(II), Eu(III), Am(III), Sn(IV), Th(IV), Np(V) and U(VI) on Montmorillonite:\nLinear Free Energy Relationships and Estimates of Surface Binding\nConstants for Some Selected Heavy Metals and Actinides","volume":"69","author":"Bradbury","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090307141786700_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021WR029723","article-title":"Local and\nGlobal Sensitivity Analysis of a Reactive Transport Model Simulating\nFloodplain Redox Cycling","volume":"57","author":"Perzan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307141786700_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vzj2.20307","article-title":"Transport, Dispersion,\nand Degradation of Nonpoint Source Contaminants\nduring Flood-Managed Aquifer Recharge","volume":"23","author":"Perzan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vadose\nZone J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307141786700_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-27-969-2023","article-title":"Controls on Flood Managed Aquifer\nRecharge through a Heterogeneous Vadose Zone: Hydrologic Modeling\nat a Site Characterized with Surface Geophysics","volume":"27","author":"Perzan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JF001060","article-title":"Evolution\nof Porosity and Diffusivity Associated with Chemical Weathering of\na Basalt Clast","volume":"114","author":"Navarre-Sitchler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.:Earth Surf."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307141786700_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2005.09.001","article-title":"The Mineral Dissolution\nRate Conundrum: Insights from Reactive Transport Modeling of U Isotopes\nand Pore Fluid Chemistry in Marine Sediments","volume":"70","author":"Maher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.svgl.2018.01.005","article-title":"Relationships between\nCO2, Thermodynamic Limits on Silicate\nWeathering, and the Strength of the Silicate Weathering Feedback","volume":"485","author":"Winnick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2016.09.028","article-title":"Chemical Thermodynamic\nData. 1. The Concept of Links to the Chemical\nElements and the Historical Development of Key Thermodynamic Data","volume":"213","author":"Wolery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit56","unstructured":"National\nEcological\nObservatory Network (NEON). Soil CO2 Concentration (DP1.00095.001). 202510.48443\/B455-4235."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit57","article-title":"Principles and\nApplications of Aquatic Chemistry","author":"Morel","year":"1993"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307141786700_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11004-014-9530-5","article-title":"Quantifying Asymmetric Parameter\nInteractions in Sensitivity Analysis: Application to Reservoir Modeling","volume":"46","author":"Fenwick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Math. Geosci."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit59","unstructured":"Paessler, D.; Steffens, R.; Hammes, J.; Smet, I.\n          Insights from Monitoring Leachate\nAlkalinity, pCO2 and CO2 Efflux of 400 Weathering\nExperiments over One Year Working Paper -V1.0 -April 11th 2024. 202410.13140\/RG.2.2.14022.28485."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-95921-0_3","article-title":"Constraints\nof Climate and Age on Soil Development in Hawai\u0300i","volume-title":"Biogeochemistry of the Critical Zone","author":"Chadwick","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307141786700_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/rog.20004","article-title":"Enhanced Chemical\nWeathering as a Geoengineering Strategy to Reduce Atmospheric Carbon\nDioxide, Supply Nutrients, and Mitigate Ocean Acidification","volume":"51","author":"Hartmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307141786700_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024AV001294","article-title":"Toward Modeling\nContinental-Scale Inland Water Carbon Dioxide Emissions","volume":"5","author":"Saccardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"AGU Adv."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090307141786700_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-025-01807-z","article-title":"Drought Constrictions on Lateral\nCarbon Transport","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"2026090307141786700_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2024.1352825","article-title":"Measuring Enhanced Weathering: Inorganic\nCarbon-Based Approaches May Be Required to Complement Cation-Based\nApproaches","volume":"6","author":"Hasemer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. 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