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We conducted a 360-day microcosm incubation employing a reciprocal 13C-labeling design that paired 13C-labeled straw with unlabeled biochar and unlabeled straw with 13C-labeled biochar and used single-cell Raman spectroscopy and 13C-labeled cell metagenomics. At day 360, biochar reduced cumulative straw-derived 13CO2 from 1391 to 1199 mg C kg\u20131 soil, while increasing straw-C allocation to fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) fractions. This shift was associated with enrichment of bacterial taxa such as Chitinophagales and increased abundance of genes involved in phospholipid metabolism, the phenylacetyl-CoA pathway, and potential polyphenol-related processing. Conversely, straw increased biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon from 1.5 to 5.5 mg C kg\u20131 soil and cumulative 13CO2 release from 17 to 23 mg C kg\u20131 soil, increasing FA and HA allocation. This shift was associated with the enrichment of genes involved in oxidative degradation, membrane transport (for substrate uptake), exopolysaccharide (EPS) formation, and quinone biosynthesis. Overall, the biochar\u2013straw interaction redirected exogenous carbon from rapid mineralization toward humic substance associated soil organic matter fractions, thereby enhancing soil carbon accrual.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c03354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:01:26Z","timestamp":1790928086000},"page":"28681-28694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biochar\u2013Straw\nInteraction Drives Soil Carbon\nAccrual by Modulating Microbial Metabolic Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4400-2759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rui","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130102"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4155-3256","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianxi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qimei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-345X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhongzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5677","key":"2026101310155282000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097396","article-title":"Soil Carbon Sequestration\nImpacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security","volume":"304","author":"Lal","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026101310155282000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.147583","article-title":"Soil accelerates\nthe humification involved in co-composting of wheat straw and cattle\nmanure by promoting humus formation","volume":"479","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. 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