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However, the link between the transgenerational toxic effects of environmental pollutants and animal gut microbial communities remains obscure. Here, we show that environmental dose p,p\u2019-DDE (a typical environmental pollutant) exposure prepregnancy reshapes offspring metabolic homeostasis through vertical transmission of the maternal gut microbiota, inducing the development of obesity. In addition, by taking cross-sectional temporal sampling strategy, we show that Bifidobacterium, whose metabolic production of acetate can interfere with obesity by activating Gpr41 and Gpr43, is the key species responsible for this outcome. Supplementation of Bifidobacterium or acetate in dams or offspring reversed the obesity phenotype in offspring mice. Finally, we confirmed the mechanism by which p,p\u2019-DDE induces oxidative stress to inhibit the growth of Bifidobacteriumin vitro, and this phenomenon was found to be mechanically applicable to a wider range of organochlorine pesticides. In conclusion, our study shows that p,p\u2019-DDE can reshape offspring metabolic phenotype through selective vertical transmission of maternal gut microbiota, and maternal or offspring supplementation with Bifidobacterium may be a promising intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c03403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:18:08Z","timestamp":1787609888000},"page":"27595-27606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Restoration of Gut\nMicrobiota Vertical Transmission\nby\n                    <i>Bifidobacterium<\/i>\n                    Mitigates Pollutant-Induced\nIntergenerational Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sinuo","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100097"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100097"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4352-8561","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-8585","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-7998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wentao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100097"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7361-6285","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"Peking University Third Hospital , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100191"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9945","key":"2026100609070836900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of\noverweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980\u20132013:\na systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609070836900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92035","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity\nand metabolic\ndisease","volume":"127","author":"Saltiel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100609070836900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4326","article-title":"Diabetes, and Associated\nCosts of\nExposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the European Union","volume":"100","author":"Legler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609070836900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2017.08.004","article-title":"Obesity as\na Disease","volume":"102","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100609070836900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R87","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0578","article-title":"Obesity and\nendocrine-disrupting\nchemicals","volume":"10","author":"Amato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. 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Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026100609070836900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119980","article-title":"Accumulative levels, temporal and spatial distribution\nof common chemical pollutants in the blood of Chinese adults","volume":"311","author":"Kou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026100609070836900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"096002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP527","article-title":"Association\nbetween Exposure to p,p\u2019-DDT\nand Its Metabolite p,p\u2019-DDE with Obesity: Integrated Systematic\nReview and Meta-Analysis","volume":"125","author":"Cano-Sancho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100609070836900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205656","article-title":"In Utero DDT and DDE Exposure and Obesity Status of\n7-Year-Old Mexican-American Children in the CHAMACOS Cohort","volume":"121","author":"Warner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026100609070836900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13383","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants\nand childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human\nstudies","volume":"23","author":"Stratakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"2026100609070836900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-228","article-title":"Ancestral dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane\n(DDT) exposure promotes epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of\nobesity","volume":"11","author":"Skinner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bmc Med."},{"key":"2026100609070836900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-026-02036-z","article-title":"Organochlorine\npesticides and obesity in a rural prediabetic population: exploring\nbidirectional pathways with metabolic indicators: Epidemiology and\nPopulation Health","volume":"50","author":"Shi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100609070836900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002169","article-title":"Prenatal Organochlorine\nCompound Exposure, Rapid Weight Gain, and Overweight in Infancy","volume":"119","author":"Mendez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100609070836900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103862","article-title":"Prenatal Concentrations\nof Polychlorinated\nBiphenyls, DDE, and DDT and Overweight in Children: A Prospective\nBirth Cohort Study","volume":"120","author":"Valvi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609070836900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800003","article-title":"Intrauterine Exposure\nto Environmental Pollutants and Body Mass Index during the First 3\nYears of Life","volume":"117","author":"Verhulst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. 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Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609070836900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuv036","article-title":"Heterogeneity\nof the gut microbiome in mice: guidelines for optimizing experimental\ndesign","volume":"40","author":"Laukens","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"7331","key":"2026100609070836900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09646","article-title":"Bifidobacteria can\nprotect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate","volume":"469","author":"Fukuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"50","key":"2026100609070836900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617460113","article-title":"Identifying species\nof symbiont bacteria from the human gut that, alone, can induce intestinal\nTh17 cells in mice","volume":"113","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.\nS. A."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100609070836900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024545","article-title":"High-Fiber\nDiet and Acetate Supplementation Change\nthe Gut Microbiota and Prevent the Development of Hypertension and\nHeart Failure in Hypertensive Mice","volume":"135","author":"Marques","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100609070836900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316307","article-title":"Small metabolites,\npossible big changes: a microbiota-centered view of non-alcoholic\nfatty liver disease","volume":"68","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100609070836900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100077","article-title":"Microbiota\nSupplementation\nwith Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Modifies the Preterm Infant\nGut Microbiota and Metabolome: An Observational Study","volume":"1","author":"Alcon-Giner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep. 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