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Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) has a residence time of 0.3\u20131 year, resulting in long-range transport. The Reactive Mercury Active System (RMAS) developed by the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) is a membrane-based Hg-monitoring system. This study presents the first independent evaluation of RMAS outside the UNR group, focusing on its performance in polluted environments. The impacts of key factors on the accuracy of RMAS and the deconvolution method for thermal desorption profiles were evaluated. Nylon membranes exhibit variable capture efficiencies (12\u201381%) of RM across compounds. Consequently, corrections based on multiple linear regression were utilized to enhance RM compound identification. In polluted environments with high fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations (annual average concentration &amp;gt;10 \u03bcg m\u20133), the sampling flow rate did not affect the RM concentration but could alter its chemistry via ion exchange. Uncertainties were estimated to be \u00b119% for the overall concentration and \u00b16\u201347% for dominant RM forms. This work showed that RMAS is a promising tool for speciated RM monitoring, supporting the effectiveness evaluation of the Minamata Convention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c03802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T18:21:29Z","timestamp":1783534889000},"page":"21135-21144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of an\nImproved Reactive Mercury Active\nSystem: Uncertainties and Applicability in Polluted Environments"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weikang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2796-6043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]},{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangtian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaojie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9306-2037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mae Sexauer","family":"Gustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada , , , ,","place":["Reno, Nevada, United States, 89557"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarrah M.","family":"Dunham-Cheatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada , , , ,","place":["Reno, Nevada, United States, 89557"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guichen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peisheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin\u2019geng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]},{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0635-311X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210023"]},{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080409311987000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.02.224","article-title":"Bioaccessibility-corrected\nrisk assessment of urban dietary methylmercury exposure via fish and\nrice consumption in China","volume":"630","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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IO Compendium Method IO-5: Compendium of methods\nfor the determination of inorganic compounds in ambient air: Sampling\nand analysis for vapor and particle phase mercury in ambient air Utilizing\nCold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CVAFS), 1999."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080409311987000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6353","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-6353-2017","article-title":"A new mechanism\nfor atmospheric mercury redox chemistry:\nimplications for the global mercury budget","volume":"17","author":"Horowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026080409311987000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2023.120240","article-title":"Interaction of reactive\nmercury with surfaces and implications for atmospheric mercury speciation\nmeasurements","volume":"318","author":"Allen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2026080409311987000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.06.046","article-title":"Mercury in the air,\nwater and biota at the Great Salt\nLake (Utah, USA)","volume":"405","author":"Peterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. 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