{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:52:28Z","timestamp":1792461148079,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018694","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101150312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101150312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise thousands of persistent and structurally diverse chemicals that contribute to chronic human exposure. Yet, routine biomonitoring targets only a limited set of regulated legacy compounds, underestimating overall exposure. We present a retrospective, wide-scope suspect screening analysis framework to extract PFAS information from archived LC\u2013HRMS exposomics datasets. A curated list of 1,666 PFAS, filtered for reversed-phase LC compatibility and enriched with structural descriptors, predicted retention indices, and MS2 fragments, was used to reprocess two human biomonitoring studies involving firefighter serum pools and population-based plasma samples. Candidate features were prioritized using precursor accuracy, isotopic patterns, and MS2 similarity, followed by spectral quality filtering and retention time-index regression models based on isotopically labeled standards, reinforcing identification confidence. The reanalysis recovered up to 80% of previously reported PFAS while revealing overlooked high-confidence carboxylic, sulfonic, and sulfonamidoacetic acid homologues, and &amp;gt;30 tentative PFAS series, encompassing isomeric clusters (alcohols and ethers) and structurally distinct subclasses (alkylpyrimidine PFAS). The reanalysis framework also revealed shared homologue patterns across exposure contexts. By framing PFAS chemical space and providing a reusable repository of confirmed and tentative structures, this framework reinterprets HRMS biobanked data, improving PFAS pattern assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c03864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:49:56Z","timestamp":1784699396000},"page":"20790-20800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Understanding\nand\nReporting PFAS Exposure: Wide-Scope\nRetrospective Suspect Screening of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry\nData from Exposomics Studies"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0738-7901","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lapo","family":"Renai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam , , ,","place":["Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1090 GD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Calabro\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam , , ,","place":["Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1090 GD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7153-2333","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Viktoriia","family":"Turkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam , , ,","place":["Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1090 GD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6383-1843","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Dewapriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , 20 Cornwall Street , , ,","place":["Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia, 4102"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2155-100X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kevin V.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , 20 Cornwall Street , , ,","place":["Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia, 4102"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2538-8702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefano","family":"Papazian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Stockholm, Sweden, 106 91"]},{"name":"Stockholm University , , ,","place":["Solna, Sweden, 171 65"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8270-6979","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saer","family":"Samanipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam , , ,","place":["Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1090 GD"]},{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , 20 Cornwall Street , , ,","place":["Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia, 4102"]},{"name":"University of Amsterdam , , ,","place":["Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1000 GG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1787\/e458e796-en","volume-title":"Reconciling\nterminology of the universe of per-and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances","author":"OECD.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00355G","article-title":"The high persistence\nof PFAS is sufficient for their management as\na chemical class","volume":"22","author":"Cousins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts"},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit3","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Framework for Regulation of New\nand Existing PFAS by EPA","volume":"16","author":"Dean","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci. Policy Governance"},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eehl.2022.05.002","article-title":"Next generation per-and poly-fluoroalkyl\nsubstances: Status and trends, aquatic toxicity, and risk assessment","volume":"1","author":"Mahoney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eco-Environ. Health"},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11007","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b03030","article-title":"Suspect and nontarget\nscreening of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in wastewater from\na fluorochemical manufacturing park","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EM00502A","article-title":"Temporal trends\nof suspect-and target-per\/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), extractable\norganic fluorine (EOF) and total fluorine (TF) in pooled serum from\nfirst-time mothers in Uppsala, Sweden, 1996\u20132017","volume":"22","author":"Miaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts"},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108860","article-title":"A research synthesis\nof humans, animals, and environmental compartments exposed to PFAS:\nA systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis of secondary literature","volume":"190","author":"Ricolfi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30129-7","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting\nchemicals: implications for human health","volume":"8","author":"Kahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet\nDiabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.4c00930","article-title":"Filling the gaps in\nPFAS detection: Integrating\nGC-MS non-targeted analysis for comprehensive environmental monitoring\nand exposure assessment","volume":"12","author":"Newton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol.\nLett."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c06675","article-title":"Screening\nnovel per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in human blood based on nontarget\nanalysis and underestimated potential health risks","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129378","article-title":"Occurrence and contamination\nprofile of legacy and emerging per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances\n(PFAS) in Belgian wastewater using target, suspect and non-target\nscreening approaches","volume":"437","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. 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Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit34","unstructured":"OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operationand Development).\n          \n          Summary report on the new comprehensive\nglobal database\nof Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs); OECD. http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/officialdocuments\/publicdisplaydocumentpdf\/?cote=ENV-JM-MONO(2018)7&doclanguage=en."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5c00759","article-title":"A Novel Chemical-Space-Dependent Strategy for Compound\nSelection in Non-target LC-HRMS Method Development Using Physicochemical\nand Structural Data","volume":"12","author":"Renai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11622","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01215","article-title":"Identification of novel\nperfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs)\nand sulfonic acids (PFESAs) in natural waters using accurate mass\ntime-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS)","volume":"49","author":"Strynar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.2c00206","article-title":"Communicating confidence\nof per-and polyfluoroalkyl substance identification via high-resolution\nmass spectrometry","volume":"9","author":"Charbonnet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. 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Ecotoxicol."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.116308","article-title":"Development of a general protocol\nfor non-targeted analysis of per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in\ndrinking water part I: quality assurance\/quality control for reproducible\nidentification","volume":"220","author":"Baesu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"2026080409303132300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26081","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c04623","article-title":"Discovery\nof Previously Unreported Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances\n(PFAS) in Pooled Australian Human Serum Using Nontarget Analysis","volume":"59","author":"Dewapriya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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