{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:07:20Z","timestamp":1785247640506,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G22AC00516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G22AC00516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01AI132695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01AI132695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017743","name":"Knobloch Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017743","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by infectious prions affecting wild and captive cervids. Transmission occurs directly between hosts or indirectly through contact with prion-contaminated environments. Soils, particularly those rich in clay, are hypothesized to enhance prion stability, retention, and bioavailability. Accurate detection of prions is therefore important for understanding environmental transmission risks. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) is a sensitive assay used to detect PrPCWD in tissue, excreta, and environmental materials. However, RT-QuIC performance across soil textures has not been evaluated. This study assessed RT-QuIC sensitivity and specificity using laboratory-prepared soils spiked with CWD-positive brain homogenate or water controls under a standardized extraction method. Conditional on the extraction method used, results suggest that RT-QuIC performance depends on soil texture, and thus, an optimal time-to-threshold (TTT) cutoff required to balance sensitivity and specificity will also vary with soil texture. RT-QuIC exhibited higher sensitivity and moderate specificity in soils with low clay (&amp;lt;20%) and moderate to high silt content, whereas high-clay soils (&amp;gt;20%) with low to moderate silt content (2%\u201360%) reduced both sensitivity and specificity, and required shorter TTT cutoffs. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for soil texture in environmental CWD surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c03979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:23:24Z","timestamp":1784215404000},"page":"20598-20608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digging into Soil:\nEffects of Soil Texture on RT-QuIC\nPerformance for Environmental Prion Surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7737-1318","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Katircioglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison , , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather N.","family":"Inzalaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison , , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Herbst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Wildlife Health Research Center , , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53711"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources , , ,","place":["Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States, 54701"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2445-8927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stuart S.","family":"Lichtenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota , , , ,","place":["St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, 55108"]},{"name":"University of Minnesota , , , ,","place":["St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, 55108"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7766-5770","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77030"]},{"name":"Universidad Bernardo O\u2019Higgins , , ,","place":["Santiago, Chile, 8370993"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reece","family":"McGinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montana , , , ,","place":["Missoula, Montana, United States, 59812"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy C.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison , , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026072809084998800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-005-2236-x","article-title":"Functions\nof Soil for Society and the Environment","volume":"4","author":"Blum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev.\nEnviron. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026072809084998800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4375-5_20","article-title":"The Ecology of\nSoil-Borne Human Pathogens","volume-title":"Essentials\nof Medical Geology: Revised ed.","author":"Bultman","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072809084998800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82011-0","article-title":"Infectious Agent of Sheep Scrapie\nMay Persist in the Environment for at Least 16 Years","volume":"87","author":"Georgsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072809084998800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000435","article-title":"Scrapie Agent\n(Strain 263K) Can Transmit\nDisease via the Oral Route after Persistence in Soil over Years","volume":"2","author":"Seidel","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072809084998800_cit5","first-page":"295","article-title":"The Ecology of Anthrax Spores: Tough\nbut Not Invincible","volume":"36","author":"Dragon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can. Vet J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072809084998800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2023.104029","article-title":"The Persistence\nof Time: The Lifespan of Bacillus Anthracis\nSpores in Environmental Reservoirs","volume":"174","author":"Barandongo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.069906-0","article-title":"Quantitative Assessment of Prion Infectivity in Tissues\nand Body Fluids by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion","volume":"96","author":"Henderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072809084998800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000844","article-title":"Detection of Chronic\nWasting Disease Prion Seeding\nActivity in Deer and Elk Feces by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion","volume":"98","author":"Henderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2688-8319.12298","article-title":"Expanding\nCWD Disease Surveillance Options Using Environmental Contamination\nat Deer Signposts","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Solutions Evidence"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44167-7","article-title":"Detection of Prions\nfrom Spiked and\nFree-Ranging Carnivore Feces","volume":"14","author":"Inzalaco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026072809084998800_cit11","unstructured":"Inzalaco, H.\n          \n          Soil, Scat, and\n(Ixodes) Scapularis: Assessing Environmental Factors in the Chronic\nWasting Disease System; The University of Wisconsin-Madison. 2023."},{"key":"2026072809084998800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2147\/VMRR.S197404","article-title":"Chronic\nWasting Disease in Cervids: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies","volume":"10","author":"Rivera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Med.:Res. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072809084998800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005916","article-title":"Infectious\nPrions\nin Pre-Clinical Deer and Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease Solely\nby Environmental Exposure","volume":"4","author":"Mathiason","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6953","key":"2026072809084998800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/425035a","article-title":"Horizontal Prion\nTransmission in Mule Deer","volume":"425","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072809084998800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.040010","article-title":"Environmental Sources\nof Prion Transmission in Mule Deer","volume":"10","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerging\nInfect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072809084998800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004848","article-title":"Detection\nof CWD Prions in Urine and Saliva of Deer by Transgenic Mouse Bioassay","volume":"4","author":"Haley","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5796","key":"2026072809084998800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132661","article-title":"Infectious\nPrions in the Saliva and Blood of Deer with Chronic Wasting Disease","volume":"314","author":"Mathiason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7263","key":"2026072809084998800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08289","article-title":"Asymptomatic Deer Excrete Infectious\nPrions in Faeces","volume":"461","author":"Tamgu\u0308ney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072809084998800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227094","article-title":"Shedding and Stability of CWD Prion\nSeeding Activity in Cervid Feces","volume":"15","author":"Tennant","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072809084998800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.081458","article-title":"Chronic Wasting Disease Prions in\nElk Antler Velvet","volume":"15","author":"Angers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97737-y","article-title":"Detection of CWD Prions in Naturally Infected White-Tailed\nDeer Fetuses and Gestational Tissues by PMCA","volume":"11","author":"Bravo-Risi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072809084998800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071844","article-title":"Mother\nto Offspring Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease in Reeves\u2019\nMuntjac Deer","volume":"8","author":"Nalls","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026072809084998800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00501-17","article-title":"Infectious\nPrions in the Pregnancy Microenvironment\nof Chronic Wasting Disease-Infected Reeves\u2019 Muntjac Deer","volume":"91","author":"Nalls","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072809084998800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122430","article-title":"Detection\nof Chronic Wasting Disease Prions in Fetal Tissues of Free-Ranging\nWhite-Tailed Deer","volume":"13","author":"Nalls","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072809084998800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226560","article-title":"In Vitro Detection\nof Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)\nPrions in Semen and Reproductive Tissues of White-Tailed Deer Bucks\n(Odocoileus virginianus)","volume":"14","author":"Kramm","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS\nOne"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2024.2343298","article-title":"Prion Forensics: A Multidisciplinary\nApproach to Investigate\nCWD at an Illegal Deer Carcass Disposal Site","volume":"18","author":"Schwabenlander","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prion"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072809084998800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00272-23","article-title":"Identification\nof Chronic\nWasting Disease Prions in Decaying Tongue Tissues from Exhumed White-Tailed\nDeer","volume":"8","author":"Soto","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2307\/3897389","article-title":"Soil Ingestion by Mule Deer in Northcentral\nColorado","volume":"32","author":"Arthur","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Range Manage."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072809084998800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020032","article-title":"Prions Adhere to\nSoil Minerals and Remain Infectious","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072809084998800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030093","article-title":"Oral Transmissibility\nof Prion Disease Is Enhanced by Binding to Soil Particles","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072809084998800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9040311","article-title":"Long-Term Incubation\nPrPCWD with Soils Affects Prion Recovery but Not Infectivity","volume":"9","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072809084998800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020269","article-title":"Movement\nof Chronic Wasting Disease Prions in Prairie, Boreal and Alpine Soils","volume":"12","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072809084998800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.12.143","article-title":"Organic Polyanions\nAct as Complexants of Prion Protein in Soil","volume":"367","author":"Polano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072809084998800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1021\/es0516965","article-title":"Fate of Prions\nin Soil: Adsorption and Extraction by Electroelution of Recombinant\nOvine Prion Protein from Montmorillonite and Natural Soils","volume":"40","author":"Rigou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072809084998800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5476","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00282-11","article-title":"Replication Efficiency of Soil-Bound\nPrions Varies\nwith Soil Type","volume":"85","author":"Saunders","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2026072809084998800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01885","article-title":"Clay Components\nin Soil Dictate Environmental Stability and Bioavailability of Cervid\nPrions in Mice","volume":"7","author":"Wyckoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072809084998800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2006.08.020","article-title":"Fate of Prions in Soil: Interaction of a Recombinant\nOvine Prion Protein with Synthetic Humic-like Mineral Complexes","volume":"39","author":"Rao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072809084998800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1021\/es071314q","article-title":"Fate of Prions in Soil: Interactions\nof RecPrP with Organic Matter of Soil Aggregates as Revealed by LTA-PAS","volume":"42","author":"Pucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1203","article-title":"Soil Clay Content Underlies Prion\nInfection Odds","volume":"2","author":"Walter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18321-x","article-title":"Clay Content\nand pH: Soil Characteristic Associations with the Persistent Presence\nof Chronic Wasting Disease in Northern Illinois","volume":"7","author":"Dorak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026072809084998800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.824815","article-title":"Evaluation\nof Real-Time Quaking-Induced\nConversion, ELISA, and Immunohistochemistry for Chronic Wasting Disease\nDiagnosis","volume":"8","author":"Holz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072809084998800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001217","article-title":"Rapid End-Point\nQuantitation of Prion Seeding Activity\nwith Sensitivity Comparable to Bioassays","volume":"6","author":"Wilham","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS\nPathog."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072809084998800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00947-18","article-title":"Modified Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification Overcomes\nReal-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Assay Inhibitors in Deer Saliva\nto Detect Chronic Wasting Disease Prions","volume":"56","author":"Davenport","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\nClin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072809084998800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.02.011","article-title":"In Vitro Generation\nof Infectious Scrapie Prions","volume":"121","author":"Castilla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1730","article-title":"Fast and\nUltrasensitive Method for Quantitating Prion Infectivity Titre","volume":"3","author":"Makarava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072809084998800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001277","article-title":"Highly Efficient\nProtein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification","volume":"7","author":"Gonzalez-Montalban","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS\nPathog."},{"issue":"69","key":"2026072809084998800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/4075","article-title":"Protein Misfolding\nCyclic Amplification\nof Prions","author":"Saunders","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Visualized Exp."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072809084998800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51057","article-title":"Transmission\nof CJD from Nasal Brushings but\nNot Spinal Fluid or RT-QuIC Product","volume":"7","author":"Raymond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin.\nTransl. Neurol."},{"key":"2026072809084998800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7244-9_14","article-title":"RT-QuIC\nAssays for Prion Disease Detection and Diagnostics","volume-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"Orru\u0300","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072809084998800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040576","article-title":"RT-QuIC and\nRelated Assays for Detecting\nand Quantifying Prion-like Pathological Seeds of \u03b1-Synuclein","volume":"12","author":"Srivastava","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072809084998800_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274531","article-title":"Diagnostic Testing of Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed\nDeer (Odocoileus virginianus) by RT-QuIC Using Multiple\nTissues","volume":"17","author":"Burgener","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072809084998800_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221654","article-title":"Detection of CWD\nin Cervids by RT-QuIC Assay of Third\nEyelids","volume":"14","author":"Cooper","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87295-8","article-title":"Detection of Chronic\nWasting Disease in Mule and White-Tailed\nDeer by RT-QuIC Analysis of Outer Ear","volume":"11","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci.\nRep"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072809084998800_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01258-14","article-title":"Detection of Chronic Wasting Disease\nin the Lymph Nodes\nof Free-Ranging Cervids by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion","volume":"52","author":"Haley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072809084998800_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02699-15","article-title":"Antemortem\nDetection of Chronic Wasting\nDisease Prions in Nasal Brush Collections and Rectal Biopsy Specimens\nfrom White-Tailed Deer by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion","volume":"54","author":"Haley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072809084998800_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96127-8","article-title":"RT-QuIC Detection\nof CWD Prion Seeding Activity in White-Tailed Deer Muscle Tissues","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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