{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:06:38Z","timestamp":1788876398856,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2308085Y50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2308085Y50"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Education Department of Anhui Province for Excellent Young Scientist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022AH030076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH030076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82330102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82330102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82373586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Air pollution control has lowered major criteria pollutants, yet airborne organic pollutants remain understudied, particularly regarding biomarkers and risks in pregnancy. We characterized 20 urinary biomarkers of airborne organic pollutants, including p-phenylenediamines, nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenylguanidines, benzothiazoles\/benzotriazoles, and cotinine, in pregnant women from the prospective Towards Improved Maternal and Fetal health via Multipoint Exposure Monitoring (TIMFEM) study in China. Morning urine samples were analyzed by LC\u2013MS\/MS. Epidemiologic associations were integrated with in vitro screening in human trophoblast cells using a leave-one-out approach at human-exposure-guided doses. Among 1425 mother\u2013infant pairs, 18 biomarkers were detected in &amp;gt;40% of participants. Each natural log\u2013unit increase in N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N\u2032-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its quinone (6PPD-Q) was associated with 27% and 23% higher risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA), respectively. Mixture models identified 1,2,3-triphenylguanidine (TPG), cotinine, and 1-aminopyrene as additional key contributors. Although seven priority pollutants showed minimal effects on cell proliferation, they reduced pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and limited isocitrate-to-\u03b1-ketoglutarate conversion, indicating impaired placental energy metabolism. Overall risk ranking highlighted cotinine, TPG, and 6PPD-Q. Maternal coexposure to airborne organic pollutants was associated with elevated SGA risk, with metabolic disruption, rather than acute cytotoxicity, suggesting a plausible mechanistic pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c04451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:28:02Z","timestamp":1788247682000},"page":"24553-24565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure\nBiomarkers of Airborne Organic Pollutants\nin Pregnant Women and Developmental Risks: Evidence from Epidemiology\nto\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weitian","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1506-6742","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De-Xiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9448-0820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1186-1300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yichao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090809071212900_cit1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n          . 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Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090809071212900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6914","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04500","article-title":"p-Phenylenediamine\nAntioxidants in PM(2.5): The Underestimated Urban Air Pollutants","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090809071212900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.5c00037","article-title":"Emerging and Legacy Traffic-Related\nNitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds (TNOCs) in Pregnant Women: Exposure\nLevels, Seasonal Variation, and Health Risks","volume":"3","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. 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Res."},{"key":"2026090809071212900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143423","article-title":"Impacts of electronic cigarettes\nusage on air quality of vape shops\nand their nearby areas","volume":"760","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090809071212900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.09.028","article-title":"Occurrence and effects\nof tire wear particles in the environment--a\ncritical review and an initial risk assessment","volume":"157","author":"Wik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. 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Int."},{"issue":"39","key":"2026090809071212900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20967","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c03841","article-title":"Benzotriazoles and Benzothiazoles, Maternal and Neonatal\nThyroid Hormones, and Childhood Growth: A Longitudinal Cohort Study","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090809071212900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12607","article-title":"Measured concentrations\nof consumer product chemicals in California house dust: Implications\nfor sources, exposure, and toxicity potential","volume":"30","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090809071212900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17727","article-title":"Ambient air pollution\nand adverse birth outcomes: A review of underlying mechanisms","volume":"131","author":"Fussell","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090809071212900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14502","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02657","article-title":"Prenatal Exposure to Multiple Air Pollutants, Mediating\nMolecular Mechanisms, and Shifts in Birthweight","volume":"54","author":"Laine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090809071212900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38710-3","article-title":"Newborn metabolomic\nsignatures of\nmaternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and reduced length\nof gestation","volume":"14","author":"Taibl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090809071212900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26111","article-title":"Determinants\nof placental insufficiency in fetal growth restriction","volume":"61","author":"Dall\u2019Asta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"2S","key":"2026090809071212900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.11.005","article-title":"Placental energy\nmetabolism in health and disease-significance of development and implications\nfor preeclampsia","volume":"226","author":"Aye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090809071212900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2025-301912","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neurodevelopment\ntrajectory: towards early warning via cohort- and metabolomics-based\nrisk ranking","volume":"28","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Mental Health"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/35\/24553\/67412609\/acs.est.6c04451.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/35\/24553\/67412609\/acs.est.6c04451.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:07:20Z","timestamp":1788872840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/35\/24553\/5329310\/Exposure-Biomarkers-of-Airborne-Organic-Pollutants"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c04451","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}}}