{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:12:17Z","timestamp":1788437537290,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024YQ046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024YQ046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010040","name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["tstp20250714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp20250714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3706302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3706302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42075104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) regulate cloud formation and climate, yet long-term variability remains poorly constrained due to sparse observations and complex aerosol\u2013CCN relationships. Here, we developed an observation-driven framework based on the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model to reconstruct CCN number concentrations (NCCN) at a high mountain site in the North China Plain, from 2007 to 2025. Particle number size distribution (PNSD) was identified as the dominant driver of NCCN variability, accounting for 55.7%\u201366.3% of the predictive importance, with the most influential size range shifting from 100\u2013200 nm at 0.2% and 0.4% supersaturation (SS) to 50\u2013100 nm at 1.0% SS. Although the reconstructed NCCN showed no monotonic trend, both the bulk activation ratio and hygroscopicity parameter decreased during summer from 2009 to 2025, indicating weakened particle hygroscopicity and CCN activation potential. By integrating positive matrix factorization with XGBoost, we further attributed interannual CCN variability to source-driven changes. Photochemically aged particles remained a persistent contributor, while the influence of SO2 decreased substantially, reflecting the reduced importance of sulfur-related processes in controlling CCN variability. In contrast, the contributions associated with new particle formation and particle growth processes became increasingly important over time. This study provides a robust reconstruction of long-term CCN variability and helps reduce uncertainties in aerosol\u2013cloud\u2013climate interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c04501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:01:53Z","timestamp":1787158913000},"page":"24239-24250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Explainable Machine\nLearning Prediction of Long-Term\nVariations in Cloud Condensation Nuclei at a High Mountain Site in\nthe North China Plain"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Can","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0007-7468","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yujiao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2668-7783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiangshan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqiu","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4576-7074","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haoxin","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujian","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taishan National Reference Climatological Station , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, China, 271000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangkun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taishan National Reference Climatological Station , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, China, 271000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianshu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4254-4830","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liubin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9161-7086","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0911-7312","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-2110","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Likun","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026090307124114000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-715-2005","article-title":"Global Indirect Aerosol Effects: A Review","volume":"5","author":"Lohmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"5894","key":"2026090307124114000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160606","article-title":"Flood or\nDrought: How Do Aerosols Affect Precipitation?","volume":"321","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090307124114000_cit3","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.\n          .  Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution\nof Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental\nPanel on Climate ChangeCambridge University\nPress: Cambridge, U.K.; 2021."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090307124114000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12211","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-12211-2015","article-title":"A Synthesis\nof Cloud\nCondensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC) Measurements within the EUCAARI\nNetwork","volume":"15","author":"Paramonov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026090307124114000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15709","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-15709-2016","article-title":"Long-Term\nObservations of Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Amazon Rain Forest\n\u2013 Part 1: Aerosol Size Distribution, Hygroscopicity, and New\nModel Parametrizations for CCN Prediction","volume":"16","author":"Po\u0308hlker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307124114000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-3365-2010","article-title":"Cloud Condensation\nNuclei in Polluted Air and Biomass Burning Smoke near the Mega-City\nGuangzhou, China \u2013 Part 1: Size-Resolved Measurements and Implications\nfor the Modeling of Aerosol Particle Hygroscopicity and CCN Activity","volume":"10","author":"Rose","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090307124114000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-1961-2007","article-title":"A Single\nParameter Representation of Hygroscopic Growth\nand Cloud Condensation Nucleus Activity","volume":"7","author":"Petters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090307124114000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7559","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-7559-2014","article-title":"Measured and\nModelled Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Concentration in Sa\u0303o\nPaulo, Brazil: The Importance of Aerosol Size-Resolved Chemical Composition\non CCN Concentration Prediction","volume":"14","author":"Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem.\nPhys."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090307124114000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16419","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-16419-2018","article-title":"The Size-Resolved Cloud\nCondensation Nuclei (CCN) Activity and Its Prediction Based on Aerosol\nHygroscopicity and Composition in the Pearl Delta River (PRD) Region\nduring Wintertime 2014","volume":"18","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307124114000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-543-2009","article-title":"Correlation\nbetween Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentration and Aerosol Optical\nThickness in Remote and Polluted Regions","volume":"9","author":"Andreae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090307124114000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6855","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-6855-2010","article-title":"Empirical\nEstimates of CCN from Aerosol Optical Properties at Four Remote Sites","volume":"10","author":"Jefferson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026090307124114000_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6227","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-6227-2013","article-title":"An Examination of\nParameterizations\nfor the CCN Number Concentration Based on in Situ Measurements of\nAerosol Activation Properties in the North China Plain","volume":"13","author":"Deng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090307124114000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JD039189","article-title":"A New CCN\nNumber Concentration Prediction Method Based on Multiple Linear Regression\nand Non-Negative Matrix Factorization: 1. Development, Validation,\nand Comparison Using the Measurement Data Over the Korean Peninsula","volume":"128","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090307124114000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12853","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-12853-2020","article-title":"Using Machine Learning to Derive\nCloud Condensation Nuclei Number\nConcentrations from Commonly Available Measurements","volume":"20","author":"Nair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307124114000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52747-y","article-title":"A Machine Learning\nParadigm for Necessary Observations to Reduce\nUncertainties in Aerosol Climate Forcing","volume":"15","author":"Redemann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat.\nCommun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307124114000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-025-01181-y","article-title":"Interpretable Ensemble\nLearning Unveils Main Aerosol Optical Properties in Predicting Cloud\nCondensation Nuclei Number Concentration","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj\nClim. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"2026090307124114000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2022.119323","article-title":"Prediction of CCN Spectra\nParameters in the North China Plain Using a Random Forest Model","volume":"289","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090307124114000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GL094133","article-title":"Machine Learning\nUncovers Aerosol\nSize Information From Chemistry and Meteorology to Quantify Potential\nCloud-Forming Particles","volume":"48","author":"Nair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"5778","key":"2026090307124114000_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125261","article-title":"Size Matters More\nThan Chemistry for Cloud-Nucleating Ability of Aerosol Particles","volume":"312","author":"Dusek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090307124114000_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JD039234","article-title":"A New CCN\nNumber Concentration Prediction\nMethod Based on Multiple Linear Regression and Non-Negative Matrix\nFactorization: 2. Application to Obtain CCN Spectra in and Around\nthe Korean Peninsula","volume":"128","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307124114000_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JD042479","article-title":"Reactive Oxidized\nNitrogen at a High\nMountain Site in the North China Plain: Chemical Speciation and Temporal\nVariations During 2007\u20132023","volume":"130","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Geophys.\nRes.: Atmos."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307124114000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-1305-2021","article-title":"Increased\nNew Particle Yields with Largely Decreased Probability of Survival\nto CCN Size at the Summit of Mt. Tai under Reduced SO2 Emissions","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090307124114000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11261","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-11261-2018","article-title":"Summertime Fine Particulate\nNitrate Pollution in the North China Plain: Increasing Trends, Formation\nMechanisms and Implications for Control Policy","volume":"18","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090307124114000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10637","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-10637-2016","article-title":"Significant Increase of Summertime Ozone at Mount Tai in Central\nEasternChina","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090307124114000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13735","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-13735-2020","article-title":"The Evolution of Cloud and Aerosol Microphysics at\nthe Summit of Mt. Tai, China","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307124114000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2014.899429","article-title":"CCN Data Interpretation Under Dynamic Operation Conditions","volume":"48","author":"Raatikainen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307124114000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-1153-2008","article-title":"Calibration\nand Measurement Uncertainties\nof a Continuous-FLow Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (DMT-CCNC):\nCCN Activation of Ammonium Sulfate and Sodium Chloride Aerosol Particles\nin Theory and Experiment","volume":"8","author":"Rose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307124114000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.202007230","article-title":"New Particle\nFormation Events in Summer and Winter in the Coastal Atmosphere in\nQingdao, China","volume":"42","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Huan Jing Ke Xue"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307124114000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77567-0","article-title":"Mapping Wind Erosion\nHazard with Regression-Based Machine Learning Algorithms","volume":"10","author":"Gholami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307124114000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random Forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"2026090307124114000_cit31","first-page":"30","article-title":"LightGBM: A Highly Efficient Gradient Boosting Decision Tree","volume-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Ke","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026090307124114000_cit32","first-page":"785","volume-title":"XGBoost: A Scalable Tree\nBoosting System","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026090307124114000_cit33","first-page":"30","article-title":"A Unified Approach\nto Interpreting Model Predictions","volume-title":"Advances\nin Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090307124114000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7551","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-7551-2009","article-title":"Cloud Condensation\nNuclei in Pristine\nTropical Rainforest Air of Amazonia: Size-Resolved Measurements and\nModeling of Atmospheric Aerosol Composition and CCN Activity","volume":"9","author":"Gunthe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090307124114000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159657","article-title":"Impact of Urban\nAerosols on the Cloud\nCondensation Activity Using a Clustering Model","volume":"858","author":"Rejano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026090307124114000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jura\u0301nyi, Z.; Gysel, M.; Weingartner, E.; Bukowiecki, N.; Kammermann, L.; Baltensperger, U.\n          A 17 Month Climatology\nof the Cloud Condensation Nuclei Number Concentration at the High\nAlpine Site Jungfraujoch. J. Geophys. Res.:\nAtmos.2011, 116, No. D10204. 10.1029\/2010JD015199.","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JD015199"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090307124114000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11023","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-11023-2011","article-title":"Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) from\nFresh and Aged Air Pollution in the Megacity Region of Beijing","volume":"11","author":"Gunthe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307124114000_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2010.551146","article-title":"Water Vapor Depletion\nin the DMT Continuous-Flow CCN Chamber: Effects\non Supersaturation and Droplet Growth","volume":"45","author":"Lathem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aerosol\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090307124114000_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(96)00135-5","article-title":"Dynamics of Gaseous Semivolatile\nOrganic Compounds\nin a Terrestrial Ecosystem\u2013Effects of Diurnal and Seasonal\nClimate Variations","volume":"30","author":"Hornbuckle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307124114000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4199","DOI":"10.1021\/cr5006292","article-title":"Atmospheric Processes and Their Controlling\nInfluence on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity","volume":"115","author":"Farmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090307124114000_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2010.482576","article-title":"Growth and Shrinkage of New Particles in the Atmosphere in Hong Kong","volume":"44","author":"Yao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307124114000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-543-2009","article-title":"Correlation\nbetween Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentration and Aerosol Optical\nThickness in Remote and Polluted Regions","volume":"9","author":"Andreae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026090307124114000_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7691","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-7691-2009","article-title":"Simulation of Particle Size Distribution with a Global Aerosol Model:\nContribution of Nucleation to Aerosol and CCN Number Concentrations","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090307124114000_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-16-1875-2024","article-title":"High-Resolution Physicochemical\nDataset of Atmospheric Aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surroundings","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307124114000_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13091483","article-title":"Variation Characteristics and Source\nAnalysis of Cloud Condensation Nuclei at the Ridge of Liupan Mountain\nLocated in Western China","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307124114000_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-4303-2011","article-title":"Cold and Transition Season Cloud Condensation Nuclei\nMeasurements in Western Colorado","volume":"11","author":"Ward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. 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