{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:12:29Z","timestamp":1788437549307,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3132025155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132025155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Science Foundation - General Program of Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Joint Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025-MSLH-088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-MSLH-088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N\u2032-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its derivative 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) are emerging pollutants in the environment due to widespread usage of tire rubber-related products, yet their uptake, translocation, and biotransformation behaviors in plants remain elusive. Here, we systematically investigated the uptake, translocation, and biotransformation mechanisms of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q in wheat. Results demonstrated that 6PPD and 6PPD-Q could be taken up by roots via apoplastic and symplastic pathways. Transmembrane transport of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q was found to enter the vascular bundle in roots, which was mediated by water and anion channels for 6PPD, and anion channel and energy-dependent active transport for 6PPD-Q. Split-root experiments revealed the bidirectional translocation of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q between roots and shoots, and secretion back into the environment from roots. Furthermore, four degradation products, including 6PPD-Q, were detected for 6PPD via nontarget screening. Transcriptomic and molecular docking analysis consistently indicated that the aquaporins and NRT2 transporter participated in root uptake of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, respectively, and the SWEET transporter mediated their translocation in shoots. In addition, CYP450 enzymes were involved in the biotransformation of 6PPD to 6PPD-Q. Our findings verify the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q in plants, which highlight attention to the transfer of tire antioxidants along the food chain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c04641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T12:01:16Z","timestamp":1787140876000},"page":"24329-24341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unveiling Underlying\nMechanisms of Root Uptake, Bidirectional\nTranslocation, and Biotransformation of Tire Rubber-Derived 6PPD and\n6PPD-Q in Wheat (\n                    <i>Triticum aestivum<\/i>\n                    L.): Implications by Nontarget Screening, Transcriptomics, and Molecular\nDocking"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Shuaihao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0034-1220","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guoguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoduo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiameng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangzhi","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0614-2192","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Maritime University , , No. 1 Linghai Road , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118122","article-title":"Abiotic oxidative\ntransformation of 6-PPD and 6-PPD quinone from tires and occurrence\nof their products in snow from urban roads and in municipal wastewater","volume":"212","author":"Seiwert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307141277900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.2c00187","article-title":"Transformation\nProduct Formation upon Heterogeneous\nOzonation of the Tire Rubber Antioxidant 6PPD (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N\u2032-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine)","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090307141277900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c08690","article-title":"Transformation\nProducts of Tire Rubber\nAntioxidant 6PPD in Heterogeneous Gas-Phase Ozonation: Identification\nand Environmental Occurrence","volume":"57","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307141277900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00499","article-title":"Sunlight-Induced Transformation of Tire Rubber Antioxidant\nN-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N\u2032-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) to\n6PPD-Quinone in Water","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol.\nLett."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.133220","article-title":"Tire additives: Evaluation\nof joint toxicity, design of new derivatives\nand mechanism analysis of free radical oxidation","volume":"465","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307141277900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4142","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c07376","article-title":"New Evidence\nof Rubber-Derived\nQuinones in Water, Air, and Soil","volume":"56","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"6525","key":"2026090307141277900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd6951","article-title":"A ubiquitous tire rubber-derived chemical induces acute\nmortality in coho salmon","volume":"371","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127623","article-title":"Toxicological\neffects of 6PPD and 6PPD quinone in zebrafish larvae","volume":"424","author":"Varshney","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107374","article-title":"Chiral perspective evaluations: Enantioselective\nhydrolysis of 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone in water and enantioselective\ntoxicity to Gobiocypris rarus and Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"166","author":"Di","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307141277900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00910","article-title":"6PPD-Quinone: Revised Toxicity Assessment and Quantification\nwith a Commercial Standard","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol.\nLett."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307141277900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.2c00050","article-title":"Acute Toxicity of the Tire Rubber-Derived\nChemical 6PPD-quinone to Four Fishes of Commercial, Cultural, and\nEcological Importance","volume":"9","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol.\nLett."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090307141277900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.2c00683","article-title":"The Tire-Derived Chemical\n6PPD-quinone Is Lethally\nToxic to the White-Spotted Char Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius but\nNot to Two Other Salmonid Species","volume":"9","author":"Hiki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136400","article-title":"Environmental concentrations\nof 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone induce hepatic lipid metabolism disorders\nin male black-spotted frogs","volume":"480","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026090307141277900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22076","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c11264","article-title":"6PPD, Not 6PPD-Quinone,\nInduced Serious\nZebrafish Eye Damage by Disrupting the Thyroid Signaling Pathway","volume":"58","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131601","article-title":"6PPD and its metabolite 6PPDQ induce\ndifferent developmental toxicities and phenotypes in embryonic zebrafish","volume":"455","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090307141277900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9426","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c13830","article-title":"Tire Rubber Antioxidant\n6PPD and 6PPD-quinone Disrupt the Energy Supply and Lipid Metabolism\nof Earthworms","volume":"59","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134598","article-title":"Exposure to 6-PPD quinone\ncauses damage on mitochondrial complex I\/II associated with lifespan\nreduction in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"472","author":"Hua","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175736","article-title":"Environmental concentrations\nof 6PPD\nand 6PPD-Q cause oxidative damage and alter metabolism in Eichhornia\ncrassipes","volume":"951","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176121","article-title":"Metabolomics\ncombined with physiology reveal how white clover (Trifolium repens L.) respond to 6PPD stress","volume":"954","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026090307141277900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13216","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c03958","article-title":"6PPD and 6PPD-Q\nInhibit Macrophyte Photosynthesis by Targeting Photosynthetic Antenna:\nMultiomics and Computational Modeling Insights","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026090307141277900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14994","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c03361","article-title":"Distinct Species-Specific\nand Toxigenic Metabolic Profiles for 6PPD and 6PPD Quinone by P450\nEnzymes: Insights from In Vitro and In Silico Studies","volume":"58","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.11.066","article-title":"Prediction of organic contaminant uptake by plants: Modified partition-limited\nmodel based on a sequential ultrasonic extraction procedure","volume":"246","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026090307141277900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15266","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04898","article-title":"Novel Insights\ninto Uptake, Translocation,\nand Transformation Mechanisms of 2,2\u2032,4,4\u2032-Tetra Brominated\nDiphenyl Ether (BDE-47) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Implication by Compound-Specific Stable Isotope and Transcriptome\nAnalysis","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307141277900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EM00047H","article-title":"Chemical\ncharacteristics, leaching, and stability of\nthe ubiquitous tire rubber-derived toxicant 6PPD-quinone","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.:Processes Impacts"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307141277900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c05660","article-title":"Uptake, Metabolism, and Accumulation\nof Tire Wear Particle-Derived Compounds in Lettuce","volume":"57","author":"Castan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307141277900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c09788","article-title":"Phytocatalytic Redox Cycling of Tire-Derived\np-Phenylenediamines: A Hidden Driver for Quinone Metabolite Formation\nin Rice","volume":"74","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026090307141277900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9918","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c13961","article-title":"6PPD and\n6PPD Quinone Induce Endometrial Cell Dysfunction via Activating ER\u03b1\nand GPER at Human-Relevant Levels","volume":"59","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090307141277900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7268","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c11993","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms\nUnderlying the Impacts of Available-Iron Levels on the Accumulation\nand Translocation of 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonate\nin Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)","volume":"59","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103522","article-title":"Expression characteristics and interference\nanalysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reveal its importance\nin Pyropia yezoensis under salt stress","volume":"80","author":"Huan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Algal\nRes."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2012.07.017","article-title":"Hydrophobic proteins\nsecreted into the apoplast may contribute to resistance against Phytophthora\ninfestans in potato","volume":"60","author":"Ferna\u0301ndez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026090307141277900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27797","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c08393","article-title":"Stable Isotope\nand Multiomics Reveal Uptake, Translocation, and Transformation Mechanisms\nof Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307141277900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00453","article-title":"Acute Toxicity\nof a Tire Rubber-Derived Chemical, 6PPD Quinone, to Freshwater Fish\nand Crustacean Species","volume":"8","author":"Hiki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol.\nLett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307141277900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c10227","article-title":"Hydrolysis of p-Phenylenediamine Antioxidants:\nThe Reaction Mechanism, Prediction Model, and Potential Impact on\nAquatic Toxicity","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090307141277900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8739","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00504","article-title":"Impact Mechanisms of\nHumic Acid on the Transmembrane Transport of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl\nSubstances in Wheat at the Subcellular Level: The Important Role of\nSlow-Type Anion Channels","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"38","key":"2026090307141277900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11892","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c03498","article-title":"Root Uptake Pathways\nand Cell Wall Accumulation Mechanisms of Organophosphate Esters in\nWheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307141277900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4940","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b07189","article-title":"Uptake Kinetics, Accumulation, and Long-Distance Transport of Organophosphate\nEsters in Plants: Impacts of Chemical and Plant Properties","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307141277900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1021\/es2036527","article-title":"Climatic, Biological, and Land Cover Controls on the\nExchange of Gas-Phase Semivolatile Chemical Pollutants between Forest\nCanopies and the Atmosphere","volume":"46","author":"Nizzetto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090307141277900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4443","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c06883","article-title":"Bioaccumulation\nof Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Ferns: Effect of\nPFAS Molecular Structure and Plant Root Characteristics","volume":"57","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307141277900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6009","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b05160","article-title":"Uptake and Translocation\nof Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid\n(PFOS) by Wetland Plants: Tissue- and Cell-Level Distribution Visualization\nwith Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS)\nand Transmission Electron Microscopy Equipped with Energy-Dispersive\nSpectroscopy (TEM-EDS)","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307141277900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787002","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.787002","article-title":"Response of Root Exudates\nof Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) to Exposure of Polycyclic\nAromatic Hydrocarbons","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental\nScience"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090307141277900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12179","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c01926","article-title":"Root Hair\nApex is the\nKey Site for Symplastic Delivery of Graphene into Plants","volume":"56","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307141277900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01546","article-title":"Root Uptake of Pharmaceuticals\nand Personal Care Product Ingredients","volume":"50","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026090307141277900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8730","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01175","article-title":"Variety-Selective\nRhizospheric Activation, Uptake, and Subcellular Distribution of Perfluorooctanesulfonate\n(PFOS) in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)","volume":"55","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026090307141277900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9702","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c09226","article-title":"New Insights into the Accumulation,\nTransport, and Distribution Mechanisms of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide\nHomologues, Important Alternatives to Perfluorooctanoic Acid, in Lettuce\n(Lactuca sativa L.)","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. 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