{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:55:14Z","timestamp":1787072114973,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES035320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES035320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Municipal solid waste landfills can emit complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but community exposures are difficult to characterize because concentrations vary across space and time and may be influenced by episodic odor events, meteorology, and nonlandfill sources. Community-engaged research approaches can help address these challenges while incorporating residents\u2019 local knowledge and concerns into monitoring study design. We conducted a community-engaged citizen-science study using a modified Ultrasonic Personal Air Sampler operated in accordance with U.S. EPA Method TO-17 to assess outdoor VOCs near the Bristol Virginia Solid Waste landfill. Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) remained below U.S. EPA Reference Concentrations during sampling, but were significantly higher on \u201cStinky\u201d nights, suggesting elevated levels of selected VOCs during odor-relevant periods. However, measured VOCs did not fully explain odor perception, likely because odor-active sulfur-containing compounds were not captured and odor events were spatially and temporally variable. Source apportionment indicated that, in addition to landfill-related emissions, traffic-related sources contributed substantially to outdoor BTEX. Estimated noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were within levels of low health concern. These results demonstrate the feasibility of conducting more scalable, cost-effective near-reference monitoring through a community-engaged framework enabled by innovative sampling technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c04657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T08:17:12Z","timestamp":1785917832000},"page":"22759-22771","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Crowdsourced, Community-Engaged\nVolatile Organic Compound\nMonitoring and Source Apportionment near the Bristol Virginia Solid\nWaste Landfill"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9932-6654","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University , , , ,","place":["Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80523"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie J.","family":"Andales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University , , , ,","place":["Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80523"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Rudd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King University , , , ,","place":["Bristol, Tennessee, United States, 37620"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Hilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail M.","family":"Fizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smith College , , , ,","place":["Northampton, Massachusetts, United States, 01063"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center , , , ,","place":["Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45229"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Kellogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healing Our Polluted Environment for Bristol (HOPE for Bristol) , , ,","place":["Bristol, Tennessee, United States, 37620"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Becky","family":"Evenden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healing Our Polluted Environment for Bristol (HOPE for Bristol) , , ,","place":["Bristol, Tennessee, United States, 37620"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candace","family":"Brancato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-0477","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erin N.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7563-9525","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John","family":"Volckens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University , , , ,","place":["Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80523"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810405873100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107886","article-title":"Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic\nCompounds in Landfill Gas: Composition Characteristics and Health\nRisks","volume":"174","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810405873100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1021\/es9605634","article-title":"Trace Organic Compounds in Landfill\nGas at Seven U.K. Waste Disposal Sites","volume":"31","author":"Allen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810405873100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1006\/wmre.1993.1025","article-title":"A Review\nOf Recent Studies On The Sources Of Hazardous Compounds Emitted From\nSolid Waste Landfills: A U.S. Experience","volume":"11","author":"Reinhart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Waste\nManage. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810405873100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2012.655405","article-title":"Volatile Organic\nCompound Emissions from Municipal\nSolid Waste Disposal Sites: A Case Study of Mumbai, India","volume":"62","author":"Majumdar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081810405873100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.12.038","article-title":"Study of the Dispersion of VOCs Emitted\nby a Municipal Solid Waste\nLandfill","volume":"43","author":"Chiriac","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081810405873100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.09.015","article-title":"Trace Gas\nEmissions from Municipal\nSolid Waste Landfills: A Review","volume":"119","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"2026081810405873100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119748","article-title":"Real-Time Air Concentrations\nand Turbulent Fluxes of\nVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) over Historic Closed Landfills to\nAssess Their Potential Environmental Impact","volume":"309","author":"Manco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026081810405873100_cit8","volume-title":"WHO\nGuidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants","author":"Adamkiewicz","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026081810405873100_cit9","article-title":"Toxicological Profile for Toluene: Health Effects","volume-title":"Toxicological Profile for Toluene","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US).","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026081810405873100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2016.10.052","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Characteristics\nof Elevated Temperatures in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills","volume":"59","author":"Jafari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810405873100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X07084321","article-title":"Emission of Volatile\nOrganic Compounds from Solid Waste Disposal Sites and Importance of\nHeat Management","volume":"26","author":"Urase","year":"2008","journal-title":"Waste Manage. 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Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081810405873100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025GH001378","article-title":"Incorporating Community\nKnowledge Into Analysis of Air Quality Monitoring Network Data","volume":"9","author":"Gardner-Frolick","year":"2025","journal-title":"GeoHealth"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810405873100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13090839","article-title":"Confirming\nthe Environmental Concerns of Community Members Utilizing Participatory-Based\nResearch in the Houston Neighborhood of Manchester","volume":"13","author":"Sansom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. 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Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026081810405873100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17419-3_10","article-title":"Determination\nof Atmospheric Volatile and Semi-Volatile Compounds","volume-title":"Persistent Pollution\u2500Past, Present and Future:\nSchool of Environmental Research\u2500Organized by Helmholtz-Zentrum\nGeesthacht","author":"Khaiwal","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810405873100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1039\/b203289a","article-title":"Low-Flow Active and\nPassive Sampling of VOCs Using Thermal Desorption Tubes: Theory and\nApplication at an Offset Printing Facility","volume":"4","author":"Batterman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Environ. 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