{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:44:53Z","timestamp":1792784693389,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tsinghua-TOYOTA Joint Research Center"},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["No. 22188102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 22188102"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["No. 42507141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 42507141"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Under China\u2019s carbon neutrality and \u201cBeautiful China\u201d agendas, air pollution control has entered a new phase of synergistic carbon and pollutant mitigation. Meanwhile, large-scale afforestation is projected to strengthen natural carbon sinks but may also elevate emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) that enhance ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, their interaction with deep anthropogenic emission reductions and the resulting air quality outcomes remains an unresolved puzzle. Here, we assess the interactive effects of large-scale afforestation and anthropogenic emission reductions on O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in China using high-resolution emission inventories integrated with an advanced chemical transport model. Our results show that afforestation at its maximum potential could raise summer BVOC emissions in China by 3.20\u20133.82 Tg (20%\u201324% of current level), mainly across southern China. Under current anthropogenic emissions, these BVOC emissions elevate summer averaged MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in eastern China by 0.74 ppbv (\u22120.09 to 5.93 ppbv) and 0.39 \u03bcg\/m3 (0.02 to 3.47 \u03bcg\/m3), accounting for 15% and 30% of the total BVOC-induced increases, respectively. In contrast, with continued anthropogenic emission reductions under carbon neutrality, the O3 response to afforestation shifts from enhancement to slight suppression, while SOA-related PM2.5 formation declines by 67%. Moreover, for identical afforestation extents, differences in tree species composition alone can reduce local O3 impacts to less than one-third. These findings reveal coordinated strategies aligning afforestation planning with emission-reduction pathways can more effectively improve air quality while advancing carbon neutrality goals, thereby safeguarding public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c04722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:02:35Z","timestamp":1790787755000},"page":"28935-28945","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Afforestation and\nEmission Cuts: Dual Drivers for\nChina\u2019s Clean Air and Carbon Neutrality"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mingchen","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8438-9188","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100871"]},{"name":"International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) , ,","place":["Laxenburg, Austria, 2361"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7900-3084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yueqi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9816-932X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejia","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilong","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100871"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8525-7961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8476-8217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Xiamen, China, 361021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1449-4235","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jincai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100190"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kebin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiming","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]},{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026101310173313300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwab078","article-title":"Pathways of China\u2019s PM2.5 air quality 2015\u20132060 in\nthe context of carbon neutrality","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl. Sci.\nRev."},{"issue":"46","key":"2026101310173313300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2513194122","article-title":"Strategy for coordinating\nnear-term PM2.5, ozone, and CO2 mitigation in China","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026101310173313300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15027","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c10076","article-title":"Air Quality, Health, and Equity Benefits of Carbon Neutrality and\nClean Air Pathways in China","volume":"58","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"32","key":"2026101310173313300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14193","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c00599","article-title":"Integrated Benefits\nof Synergistically Reducing Air Pollutants and\nCarbon Dioxide in China","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026101310173313300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2025.01.054","article-title":"Grand challenges of mitigating O3-related\nmortality in China by 2060","volume":"70","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310173313300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48546-0","article-title":"Carbon storage through China\u2019s planted forest expansion","volume":"15","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310173313300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-021-9892-6","article-title":"Estimation of China\u2019s terrestrial\necosystem carbon sink: Methods, progress and prospects","volume":"65","author":"Piao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310173313300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52785-6","article-title":"Carbon sequestration\npotential of tree planting in China","volume":"15","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101310173313300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2025.03.035","article-title":"Incorporating site suitability and\ncarbon sequestration of tree species into China\u2019s climate-adaptive\nforestation","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101310173313300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-023-01251-x","article-title":"Local surface cooling from afforestation\namplified by lower aerosol\npollution","volume":"16","author":"Ge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101310173313300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1021\/es072476p","article-title":"Known and unexplored\norganic constituents in the earth\u2019s\natmosphere","volume":"41","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"D5","key":"2026101310173313300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8873","DOI":"10.1029\/94JD02950","article-title":"A global model\nof natural volatile organic compound emissions","volume":"100","author":"Guenther","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.:Atmos."},{"key":"2026101310173313300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-2273-2006","article-title":"Interactive\nchemistry in the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique general circulation\nmodel: model description and impact analysis of biogenic hydrocarbons\non tropospheric chemistry","volume":"6","author":"Folberth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026101310173313300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8889","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-8889-2015","article-title":"Tropospheric\nozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air\nquality to short-lived climate forcer","volume":"15","author":"Monks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"issue":"5315","key":"2026101310173313300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5315.1052","article-title":"Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical\nsources and role\nin atmospheric chemistry","volume":"276","author":"Andreae","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310173313300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-2103-2017","article-title":"Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile\norganic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol","volume":"17","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101310173313300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2017.07.004","article-title":"Plant-derived Secondary Organic Material\nin the Air and Ecosystems","volume":"22","author":"Holopainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310173313300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-4825-2021","article-title":"A long-term estimation\nof biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission in China from\n2001\u20132016: the roles of land cover change and climate variability","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310173313300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-2351-2022","article-title":"Enhanced summertime\nozone and SOA from biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions\ndue to vegetation biomass variability during 1981\u20132018 in China","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026101310173313300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152654","article-title":"Impacts of biogenic emissions from\nurban landscapes\non summer ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation in megacities","volume":"814","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101310173313300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115999","article-title":"Revealing\nthe modulation of boundary conditions and\ngoverning processes on ozone formation over northern China in June\n2017","volume":"272","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026101310173313300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11349","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-11349-2020","article-title":"Impacts of future\nland use and land cover change on\nmid-21st-century surface ozone air quality: distinguishing between\nthe biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"41","key":"2026101310173313300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2304988120","article-title":"Forestation at the\nright time with the right species can generate persistent carbon benefits\nin China","volume":"120","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310173313300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-5-1471-2012","article-title":"The Model\nof Emissions\nof Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended\nand updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions","volume":"5","author":"Guenther","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"2026101310173313300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-3181-2006","article-title":"Estimates of global\nterrestrial isoprene\nemissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from\nNature)","volume":"6","author":"Guenther","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026101310173313300_cit26","unstructured":"Friedl M.; Sulla-Menashe D. MCD12Q1MODIS\/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006 NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC; NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center, 2019."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026101310173313300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12195","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-12195-2019","article-title":"Substantial\nozone enhancement over the North China Plain from increased biogenic\nemissions due to heat waves and land cover in summer 2017","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310173313300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c06170","article-title":"Development and assessment\nof a high-resolution biogenic\nemission inventory from urban green spaces in China","volume":"56","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"D20","key":"2026101310173313300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004720","article-title":"Climate-related vegetation\ncharacteristics derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer\n(MODIS) leaf area index and normalized difference vegetation index","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.:Atmos."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101310173313300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-14-2867-2021","article-title":"The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model versions\n5.3 and 5.3.1: system updates and evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Appel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310173313300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-15-2279-2023","article-title":"Emission trends\nof\nair pollutants and CO2 in China from 2005 to 2021","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310173313300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-935-2017","article-title":"MIX: a mosaic\nAsian anthropogenic emission inventory under the international collaboration\nframework of the MICS-Asia and HTAP","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"key":"2026101310173313300_cit33","unstructured":"USEPA.\n          .  Guidance on the Use\nof Models and Other Analyses for Demonstrating Attainment of Air Quality\nGoals for Ozone, PM2.5 and Regional Haze; USEPA, 2007; Vol EPA-454\/B-07e002."},{"issue":"7824","key":"2026101310173313300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2664-3","article-title":"Satellite isoprene\nretrievals constrain emissions and\natmospheric oxidation","volume":"585","author":"Wells","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101310173313300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JD036181","article-title":"Next-Generation\nIsoprene Measurements From Space: Detecting Daily Variability at High\nResolution","volume":"127","author":"Wells","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.:Atmos."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101310173313300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EA00121K","article-title":"Implementation\nand evaluation of the automated model reduction (AMORE) version 1.1\nisoprene oxidation mechanism in GEOS-Chem","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci.:Atmos."},{"key":"2026101310173313300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2019.104656","article-title":"Estimation of biogenic VOC emissions\nand their corresponding impact on ozone and secondary organic aerosol\nformation in China","volume":"231","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026101310173313300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9317","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-9317-2014","article-title":"Global data\nset of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN\nmodel over the last 30 years","volume":"14","author":"Sindelarova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101310173313300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-3309-2024","article-title":"Regional to global distributions,\ntrends, and drivers of biogenic volatile organic compound emission\nfrom 2001 to 2020","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310173313300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57548-5","article-title":"Co-benefit of forestation on ozone\nair quality and carbon storage in South China","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101310173313300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024GL109520","article-title":"Ozone Pollution in\nChina Affected by Climate Change in a Carbon Neutral\nFuture as Predicted by a Process-Based Interpretable Machine Learning\nMethod","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"6685","key":"2026101310173313300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg6196","article-title":"Chemistry-albedo feedbacks offset\nup to a third of forestation\u2019s CO2 removal benefits","volume":"383","author":"Weber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310173313300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7113","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c06834","article-title":"Impacts of Soil NOx Emission on O3\nAir Quality in Rural California","volume":"55","author":"Sha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c04722","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/40\/28935\/68715489\/acs.est.6c04722.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/40\/28935\/68715489\/acs.est.6c04722.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:12:56Z","timestamp":1791918776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/40\/28935\/5442636\/Afforestation-and-Emission-Cuts-Dual-Drivers-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c04722","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}