{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:09:30Z","timestamp":1788862170276,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42507318; 42277231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42507318; 42277231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1500800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1500800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy, yet current estimates commonly assume that cation release directly reflects CO2 sequestration. We investigated wollastonite weathering and carbon sequestration in agricultural soils spanning a wide pH range using column experiments. Weathering decreased with increasing soil pH, with 63%, 48%, and 30% of wollastonite dissolved at pH 4, 6, and 8, respectively. However, CDR estimated from cation release exceeded measured inorganic carbon formation by 1.5\u20133.1 times, with the largest discrepancy in acidic soil. Charge balance analysis showed that, under acidic conditions, released cations were accompanied by strong acid anions and decreases in exchangeable H+\/Al3+, rather than by bicarbonate formation, resulting in only 0.63\u20131.30 mol CO2 fixed per mol divalent cation released, well below the theoretical value of 2.0. Wollastonite also enhanced CO2 emissions in acidic soil through native carbonate dissolution and soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. After accounting for these emissions, net CDR ranged from 0.06 to 0.46 g C kg\u20131 soil and increased with soil pH. These results demonstrate that soil pH, through charge balance, rock carbonate dissolution, and SOC mineralization, regulates ERW efficiency and should be incorporated into CDR accounting to avoid substantial overestimation of carbon sequestration potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c05139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T16:02:28Z","timestamp":1785945748000},"page":"22505-22516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Overlooked\nSoil Acidity Leads to Significant Overestimation\nof Carbon Sequestration in Enhanced Rock Weathering"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-1225","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenxia","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110016"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Isotope Techniques and Applications , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghua","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110016"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Isotope Techniques and Applications , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110016"]},{"name":"Weifang Academy of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment , , ,","place":["Weifang, Shandong, China, 261000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-2890","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles T.","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University , , 151 Link Hall , , ,","place":["Syracuse, New York, United States, 13244"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York , , , ,","place":["Binghamton, New York, United States, 13902"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Goll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA CNRS UVSQ , , ,","place":["Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 91198"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110161"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110016"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Isotope Techniques and Applications , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7531-546X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunting","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110016"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Isotope Techniques and Applications , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit1","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.\n          .  Climate Change 2021:\nThe Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the\nSixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate\nChange, Masson-delmotte, Zhai, P., Pirani, A.; Connors, S. L.; Pean, C.; Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L.; Gomis, M. I.; Huang, M.; Leitzell, K.; Lonnoy, E.; Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K.; Waterfield, T.; Yelekci, O.; Yu, R.; Zhou, B., Eds.; Cambridge University Press., 2021."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810422863500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.16418\/j.issn.1000-3045.20220121001","article-title":"Discussion\non action strategies of china\u2019s carbon\npeak and carbon neutrality","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Chin. Acad.\nSci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810422863500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58284-6","article-title":"Leveraging\nEcosystems Responses to Enhanced Rock Weathering in Mitigation Scenarios","volume":"16","author":"Gaucher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810422863500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4809","DOI":"10.1021\/es4052022","article-title":"Carbon Dioxide\nEfficiency of Terrestrial\nEnhanced Weathering","volume":"48","author":"Moosdorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810422863500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5434","DOI":"10.1021\/es505476d","article-title":"Rapid\nRemoval of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils","volume":"49","author":"Washbourne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081810422863500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00798-x","article-title":"Potential\nCO2 Removal from Enhanced Weathering by Ecosystem Responses\nto Powdered Rock","volume":"14","author":"Goll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810422863500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2882","article-title":"Enhanced\nWeathering Strategies for Stabilizing Climate and Averting Ocean Acidification","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Clim Change"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081810422863500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023EF003698","article-title":"Impact of Climate on the Global Capacity\nfor Enhanced Rock Weathering on Croplands","volume":"11","author":"Baek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth\u2019s\nFuture"},{"issue":"7815","key":"2026081810422863500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2448-9","article-title":"Potential\nfor Large-Scale CO2 Removal via Enhanced Rock Weathering\nwith Croplands","volume":"583","author":"Beerling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2023.103872","article-title":"Quantification of\nCO2 Uptake by Enhanced\nWeathering of Silicate Minerals Applied to Acidic Soils","volume":"125","author":"Dietzen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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Oceanogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810422863500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12010219","article-title":"Soil Nutrient Retention and pH Buffering\nCapacity Are Enhanced by Calciprill and Sodium Silicate","volume":"12","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit15","volume-title":"Environmental Soil Chemistry","author":"Sparks","year":"2023","edition":"3"},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352825","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2024.1352825","article-title":"Measuring\nEnhanced Weathering: Inorganic\nCarbon-Based Approaches May Be Required to Complement Cation-Based\nApproaches","volume":"6","author":"Hasemer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810422863500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1980.03615995004400030005x","article-title":"The Effect\nof Crushed Basalt Scoria on the Cation Exchange Properties of a Highly\nWeathered Soil","volume":"44","author":"Gillman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345224","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2024.1345224","article-title":"A Review\nof Measurement\nfor Quantification of Carbon Dioxide Removal by Enhanced Weathering\nin Soil","volume":"6","author":"Clarkson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970429","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2022.970429","article-title":"Methods for Determining\nthe CO2 Removal Capacity of Enhanced Weathering in Agronomic\nSettings","volume":"4","author":"Almaraz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026081810422863500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19497","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c03609","article-title":"Initial\nValidation of a Soil-Based Mass-Balance Approach for Empirical Monitoring\nof Enhanced Rock Weathering Rates","volume":"57","author":"Reershemius","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810422863500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-17-103-2020","article-title":"Enhanced Weathering\nand Related Element Fluxes \u2013 a Cropland Mesocosm Approach","volume":"17","author":"Amann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081810422863500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101004","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/acfd89","article-title":"Direct Evidence for Atmospheric Carbon\nDioxide Removal via Enhanced Weathering in Cropland Soil","volume":"5","author":"Holzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959229","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2022.959229","article-title":"Quantification of\nCO2 Removal in a Large-Scale Enhanced Weathering Field\nTrial on an Oil Palm Plantation in Sabah, Malaysia","volume":"4","author":"Larkin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954064","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2022.954064","article-title":"Assessment of\nthe Enhanced Weathering Potential of Different Silicate Minerals to\nImprove Soil Quality and Sequester CO2","volume":"4","author":"te Pas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810422863500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15089","article-title":"Increased Yield\nand CO2 Sequestration Potential with the C4 Cereal\nSorghum Bicolor Cultivated in Basaltic Rock Dust-Amended Agricultural\nSoil","volume":"26","author":"Kelland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810422863500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11631-024-00737-8","article-title":"Chemical Weathering in Manas River Basin: Driven by Sulfuric Acid\nor Carbonic Acid?","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Geochim."},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177372","article-title":"Enhanced Carbonate\nWeathering and CO2 Release in a Typical Karst\nWatershed (Southwest China): Evidence from Hydrochemical and Multi-Isotopic\nData","volume":"957","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810422863500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.13671\/j.hjkxxb.2015.0097","article-title":"Chemical weathering\nof carbonate rocks by sulfuric acid and the carbon cycling in Southwest\nChina","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geochimica"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810422863500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240273","DOI":"10.1007\/s42832-024-0273-z","article-title":"CO2 Removal\nwith Enhanced Wollastonite Weathering in Acidic and Calcareous Soils","volume":"7","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2023.107031","article-title":"Wollastonite\nAddition Stimulates\nSoil Organic Carbon Mineralization: Evidences from 12 Land-Use Types\nin Subtropical China","volume":"225","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Catena"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2026081810422863500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(92)90066-J","article-title":"Charge Density\nof Total Organic Carbon in Finnish Lakes","volume":"77","author":"Kortelainen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ.\nPollut."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810422863500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2010.0401","article-title":"Controls\non the Extractability of Soil Organic Matter in Water over the 20\nto 80\u00b0C Temperature Range","volume":"75","author":"Curtin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc.\nAm. 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Acta"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081810422863500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.2c00374","article-title":"Constraining\nthe\nCapacity of Global Croplands to CO2 Drawdown via Mineral\nWeathering","volume":"7","author":"Haque","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Earth Space Chem."},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30942-7_5","article-title":"Chemical Properties and Processes","volume-title":"Scheffer\/SchachtschabelSoil Science","author":"Blume","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22541\/essoar.170960101.14306457\/v1","article-title":"Soil Cation\nStorage as a Key Control on the Timescales of Carbon Dioxide Removal\nthrough Enhanced Weathering","author":"Kanzaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESS Open Archive"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810422863500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems5010013","article-title":"Sorption\nMechanisms of Chemicals in Soils","volume":"5","author":"Strawn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Syst."},{"issue":"8050","key":"2026081810422863500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08429-2","article-title":"Transforming US Agriculture for Carbon\nRemoval with\nEnhanced Weathering","volume":"638","author":"Beerling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2024.109596","article-title":"Earthworms in an Enhanced Weathering\nMesocosm Experiment: Effects\non Soil Carbon Sequestration, Base Cation Exchange and Soil CO2 Efflux","volume":"199","author":"Vienne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081810422863500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17464","article-title":"Enhanced Silicate Weathering Accelerates Forest Carbon\nSequestration by Stimulating the Soil Mineral Carbon Pump","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-08-043751-6\/05080-5","article-title":"Dissolved Organic\nMatter in Freshwaters","volume-title":"Treatise on Geochemistry","author":"Perdue","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6800","key":"2026081810422863500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adz2620","article-title":"Can Enhanced Alkalinity Store Carbon\nDurably?","volume":"392","author":"Isson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2022.108182","article-title":"Liming Modifies Greenhouse Gas Fluxes\nfrom Soils: A Meta-Analysis of Biological Drivers","volume":"340","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"2026081810422863500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2018.05.007","article-title":"Effectiveness\nof Enhanced Mineral\nWeathering as a Carbon Sequestration Tool and Alternative to Agricultural\nLime: An Incubation Experiment","volume":"74","author":"Dietzen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Greenhouse\nGas Control"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810422863500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(01)00022-0","article-title":"Influence of pH\nand Temperature on Microbial Activity,\nSubstrate Availability of Soil-Solution Bacteria and Leaching of Dissolved\nOrganic Carbon in a Mor Humus","volume":"33","author":"Andersson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081810422863500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02328.x","article-title":"Increases in Soil\nOrganic Carbon Sequestration Can Reduce the Global Warming Potential\nof Long-Term Liming to Permanent Grassland","volume":"17","author":"Fornara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081810422863500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15607","article-title":"Potential\nBenefits of Liming to Acid Soils on Climate Change Mitigation and\nFood Security","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Change Biol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c05139","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/32\/22505\/66415538\/acs.est.6c05139.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/32\/22505\/66415538\/acs.est.6c05139.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:13:10Z","timestamp":1787069590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/32\/22505\/5246209\/Overlooked-Soil-Acidity-Leads-to-Significant"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c05139","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}}}