{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:53:47Z","timestamp":1787072027749,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007121","name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BJPY2024B09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJPY2024B09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007121","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007121","name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YZJJQY202401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YZJJQY202401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007121","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFC3700100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3700100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fine-scale characterization of urban air pollution remains constrained by observational limitations. Here we used UAV-based hyperspectral remote sensing to conduct multitemporal and multialtitude measurements in Bangkok. High-temporal-resolution observations resolve pronounced diurnal signatures of traffic emissions: NO2 peaks in the morning under stable boundary layer conditions, whereas HCHO peaks in the afternoon, consistent with secondary photochemical production. At 100 m resolution, UAV measurements capture sharp spatial gradients and resolve localized concentration enhancements, enabling precise identification of pollution hotspots. Three-dimensional observations further show that vertical variability is not governed by simple attenuation but by structural reorganization: NO2 decreases rapidly with altitude, accompanied by strong gradient damping, whereas HCHO maintains coherent spatial patterns across height. This contrast indicates distinct three-dimensional organization regimes for primary and secondary species. By simultaneously delivering high temporal, spatial, and vertical resolution, UAV observations provide unprecedented constraints on fine-scale urban pollution structure. These results establish UAV platforms as an effective complementary tool for three-dimensional atmospheric monitoring and for constraining urban atmospheric chemistry models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c05199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T13:05:21Z","timestamp":1784811921000},"page":"22772-22780","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-Dimensional\nStructural and Diurnal Dynamics\nof NO\n                    <b>2<\/b>\n                    and HCHO by UAV Hyperspectral in Bangkok"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Tiliang","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Worapop","family":"Thongsame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50180"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chonlada","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50180"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0265-2358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chengzhi","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230031"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titaporn","family":"Supasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50180"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeerasak","family":"Longmali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50180"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230031"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3759-9219","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]},{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230031"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026081810410238300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812168116","article-title":"Anthropogenic Drivers of 2013\u20132017 Trends in\nSummer Surface Ozone in China","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad.\nSci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081810410238300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10363","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-10363-2024","article-title":"Insights into the Long-Term (2005\u20132021)\nSpatiotemporal Evolution of Summer Ozone Production Sensitivity in\nthe Northern Hemisphere Derived with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument\n(OMI)","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810410238300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JD040922","article-title":"Insights Into\nSummertime Surface\nOzone Formation From Diurnal Variations in Formaldehyde and Nitrogen\nDioxide Along a Transect Through New York City","volume":"130","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"key":"2026081810410238300_cit4","first-page":"11","article-title":"Assessment on Health and Ecosystem\nImpacts and Costs of Ozone Formation from Passenger Transport in Bangkok\nMetropolitan Region","volume":"37","author":"Hathairat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026081810410238300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2025.121738","article-title":"Assessment\nof Pandora and S5P\/TROPOMI Observations for Investigating Tropospheric\nNO2 Vertical Column Densities in Thailand","volume":"367","author":"Kanchanachat","year":"2026","journal-title":"Atmos.\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026081810410238300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117433","article-title":"A Multi-Scale Model\nAnalysis of Ozone Formation in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand","volume":"229","author":"Uttamang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. 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Model Dev."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081810410238300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-15-2037-2022","article-title":"Sentinel-5P\nTROPOMI NO2 Retrieval: Impact of Version v2.2 Improvements\nand Comparisons with OMI and Ground-Based Data","volume":"15","author":"van Geffen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810410238300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-13-1315-2020","article-title":"S5P TROPOMI NO2 Slant Column Retrieval: Method, Stability, Uncertainties\nand Comparisons with OMI","volume":"13","author":"van Geffen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. 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Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081810410238300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-4897-2021","article-title":"Ground-Based Vertical Profile Observations of Atmospheric Composition\non the Tibetan Plateau (2017\u20132019)","volume":"13","author":"Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth\nSyst. Sci. Data"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026081810410238300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14275","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-14275-2017","article-title":"Observations of the Vertical Distributions of Summertime Atmospheric\nPollutants and the Corresponding Ozone Production in Shanghai, China","volume":"17","author":"Xing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810410238300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-3655-2023","article-title":"Mobile MAX-DOAS Observations\nof Tropospheric\nNO2 and HCHO during Summer over the Three Rivers\u2019\nSource Region in China","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081810410238300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.04.051","article-title":"Mobile MAX-DOAS Measurements and Source Analysis of NO2, HCHO, and\nHONO during the Chengdu 2023 FISU World University Games","volume":"160","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810410238300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-17-2671-2024","article-title":"An Integrated Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle Platform with\nSensing and Sampling Systems for the Measurement of Air Pollutant\nConcentrations","volume":"17","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"2026081810410238300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2572670","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2025.2572670","article-title":"Drone in Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data Analytics: Techniques\nand Applications","volume":"40","author":"Thapa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geocarto Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081810410238300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5381","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c06398","article-title":"UAV-Based\nHyperspectral Imaging Bridges the Spatial Gap in Pollution Source\nIdentification","volume":"98","author":"Xing","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810410238300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c08110","article-title":"Meter-Scale\nUAV Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Pollution Source Attribution:\nDynamic Reference Spectrum Optimization and Surface Albedo Correction","volume":"60","author":"Zou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810410238300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088056","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2023.1088056","article-title":"Weak Degassing from\nRemote Alaska Volcanoes Characterized\nwith a New Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument and a Suite of in Situ\nSensors","volume":"11","author":"Kern","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. 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Technol."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026081810410238300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15371","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cp50968k","article-title":"Temperature Dependent\nAbsorption Cross-Sections of\nO2\u2013O2 Collision Pairs between 340 and 630 Nm and at Atmospherically\nRelevant Pressure","volume":"15","author":"Thalman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081810410238300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4073(03)00173-0","article-title":"Ultraviolet and Visible\nAbsorption Cross-Sections for\nHITRAN","volume":"82","author":"Orphal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. 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