{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:25:57Z","timestamp":1789658757680,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["42377022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42377022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Combined contamination of soils with thallium (Tl) and cadmium (Cd) is widespread. Despite comparable accumulation of Tl and Cd by rice plants, the mechanisms underlying significantly lower Tl concentrations than Cd in grains remain unclear. Here, pot experiments, rhizotron observations and field sampling were combined to investigate the fate of Tl\/Cd across the soil-rice system. Sequential extraction shows that flooding decreased Tl\/Cd mobility in bulk soil, with Cd enriched in the oxidizable fraction and Tl in the residual fraction. In the rhizosphere, planar optode and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) reveals that flooding induced iron-plaque formation, restricting rice Tl\/Cd uptake compared with continuous drainage. Tissue- and microscale-level (LA-ICP-MS) analyses show that Tl transfer from node-to-leaf was 3.00\u20138.85 times that of Cd which exhibited greater upward translocation. In brown rice, 66.0\u201386.0% of Cd transported to grains was allocated to the endosperm. In contrast, Tl was preferentially enriched in the embryo, which represented only 1.78\u20132.66% of the biomass but contained 42.9\u201360.8% of Tl, potentially associated with high K demand and K-related transport pathways. Thus, contrasting shoot translocation and brown rice partitioning patterns of Tl\/Cd explain differential grain concentrations, offering mechanistic insights for safe rice production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c05439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:07:48Z","timestamp":1788451668000},"page":"25730-25740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contrasting Fate\nof Thallium and Cadmium in the Soil-Rice\nSystem: Convergent Rhizosphere Bioavailability Responses Yet Divergent\nTranslocation and Grain Partitioning"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Xian\u2019an","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanpei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People\u2019s Republic of China , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210042"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1939-7277","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3120-0190","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pengjie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0287-8963","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Longhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026091511113721900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2286","article-title":"Toxic Thallium","volume":"7","author":"Lennartson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit2","unstructured":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People\u2019s Republic of China.\n          \n          Opinions on Further Strengthening Prevention\nand Control of Heavy Metal Pollution; 2022. https:\/\/www.mee.gov.cn\/xxgk2018\/xxgk\/xxgk03\/202203\/t20220315_971552.html (accessed 23 February 2026)."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit3","unstructured":"US EPA.\n          \n          Toxic and Priority Pollutants under the Clean\nWater Act; https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/eg\/toxic-and-priority-pollutants-under-clean-water-act (accessed 23 February 2026)."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2017.06.013","article-title":"Thallium in the Environment: A Critical Review Focused\non Natural Waters, Soils, Sediments and Airborne Particles","volume":"84","author":"Belzile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511113721900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-020-09564-8","article-title":"Abundance\nand Fate of Thallium and its Stable Isotopes\nin the Environment","volume":"20","author":"Migaszewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026091511113721900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5095","DOI":"10.1021\/es049569g","article-title":"In Vivo\nSynchrotron Study of Thallium Speciation and Compartmentation in Iberis\nIntermedia","volume":"38","author":"Scheckel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116290","article-title":"Physiology\nand Molecular Basis of\nThallium Toxicity and Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"276","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotox. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511113721900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(98)00126-X","article-title":"Thallium Toxicity","volume":"99","author":"Galva\u0301n-Arzate","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091511113721900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2025.2612494","article-title":"Thallium\nin the Environment: A Critical Review of Chemistry, Fate, and Ecological\nRisks in Soil and Water Systems","volume":"108","author":"Shija","year":"2026","journal-title":"Toxicol. Environ.\nChem."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026091511113721900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(97)00060-2","article-title":"Thallium in French agrosystems\u2500II.\nConcentration of thallium\nin field-grown rape and some other plant species","volume":"97","author":"Tremel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.02.008","article-title":"Thallium at the interface\nof soil and green cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.):\nsoil\u2013plant transfer and influencing factors","volume":"450-451","author":"Jia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.02.025","article-title":"Thallium Contamination\nin Arable Soils and Vegetables around a Steel Plant\u2500A Newly-Found\nSignificant Source of Tl Pollution in South China","volume":"224","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511113721900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06222","article-title":"Uptake\nand Fractionation\nof Thallium by Brassica juncea in a Geogenic Thallium-Amended Substrate","volume":"53","author":"Rader","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511113721900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c08113","article-title":"Mechanisms\nof Uptake and Translocation of Thallium in Brassica Vegetables: An\nX-Ray Fluorescence Microspectroscopic Investigation","volume":"58","author":"Corzo-Remigio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126997","article-title":"Transformation\nand Fate of Thallium and Accompanying\nMetal(loid)s in Paddy Soils and Rice: A Case Study from a Large-Scale\nIndustrial Area in China","volume":"423","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.121861","article-title":"Mitigation\nof Thallium Threat in Paddy Soil and Rice\nPlant by Application of Functional Biochar","volume":"367","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enceco.2025.02.003","article-title":"Accumulation\nof Thallium and Potential Toxic Elements in a Water-Soil-Rice System\nfrom a Pyrite Mining Area, Southern China: Source Apportionment and\nHealth Risk Assessment","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135547","article-title":"Thallium Contamination,\nHealth Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment\nin Common Vegetables","volume":"703","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153399","article-title":"Unexpected Enrichment\nof Thallium and Its Geochemical\nBehaviors in Soils Impacted by Historically Industrial Activities\nUsing Lead-zinc Carbonate Minerals","volume":"821","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total\nEnviron."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511113721900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw4382","article-title":"Assessing the Health\nRisks of Rice Cadmium Content Standards in China","volume":"12","author":"Chu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511113721900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1081\/PLN-100106976","article-title":"Uptake of Thallium by Vegetables:\nIts Significance for Human Health, Phytoremediation, and Phytomining","volume":"24","author":"LaCoste","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026091511113721900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68886","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14757-x","article-title":"Immobilization of Heavy\nMetal(Loid)s in Acid Paddy Soil by Soil Replacement-Biochar Amendment\nTechnology under Normal Wet Condition","volume":"28","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.04.044","article-title":"Cadmium Dynamics\nin Soil Pore Water and Uptake by Rice:\nInfluences of Soil-Applied Selenite with Different Water Managements","volume":"240","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2019.104367","article-title":"Distribution,\nTransfer, and Time-Dependent Variation of Cd in Soil-Rice System:\nA Case Study in the Chengdu Plain, Southwest China","volume":"195","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026091511113721900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143417","article-title":"Advances in\nthe Uptake and Transport Mechanisms and QTLs Mapping of Cadmium in\nRice","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115934","article-title":"Cadmium Transfer\nin Contaminated Soil-Rice Systems: Insights from Solid-State Speciation\nAnalysis and Stable Isotope Fractionation","volume":"269","author":"Wiggenhauser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ.\nPollut."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026091511113721900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12902","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c04713","article-title":"Water Management\nAlters Cadmium Isotope\nFractionation between Shoots and Nodes\/Leaves in a Soil-Rice System","volume":"55","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160436","article-title":"Nodes Play a Major Role in Cadmium (Cd). Storage and Redistribution\nin Low-Cd-Accumulating Rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Cultivars","volume":"859","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026091511113721900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12072","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03001","article-title":"Chemical\nSpeciation and Distribution\nof Cadmium in Rice Grain and Implications for Bioavailability to Humans","volume":"54","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511113721900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1021\/es702212p","article-title":"Speciation and Localization\nof Arsenic in White and Brown Rice Grains","volume":"42","author":"Meharg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.146113","article-title":"Spatial Distribution of Cadmium and\nMineral Nutrients in Grains of Low- and High-Cadmium Accumulating\nRice Cultivars by Laser Ablation ICP-MS","volume":"494","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food\nChem."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcag026","article-title":"OsHAK1 is a major transporter\nmediating the uptake of monovalent\nthallium ions in rice under potassium-deficient conditions","volume":"67","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026091511113721900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13168","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04454","article-title":"Thallium Sorption onto Manganese\nOxides","volume":"53","author":"Wick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.065","article-title":"Re-Evaluating the Role of Iron and Manganese\nOxides\nin Thallium Retention: Insights From Laboratory Adsorption and Soil\nPot Experiments","volume":"163","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit35","volume-title":"International\nSoil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for\nSoil Maps","author":"World Reference Base for Soil Resources.","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.04.008","article-title":"Thallium Pollution\nin China: A Geo-environmental Perspective","volume":"421\u2013422","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci.\nTotal Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091511113721900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.1021\/es103971y","article-title":"Speciation and Release Kinetics of\nCadmium in an Alkaline\nPaddy Soil under Various Flooding Periods and Draining Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Khaokaew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174265","article-title":"Unveiling the Barriers of Cd Translocation\nfrom Soil to Rice: Insights\nfrom Continuous Flooding","volume":"946","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091511113721900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1039\/C7JA00357A","article-title":"Impact of\nAir, Laser Pulse Width\nand Fluence on U\u2013Pb Dating of Zircons by LA-ICPMS","volume":"33","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anal. At. Spectrom."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091511113721900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ja10172b","article-title":"Iolite: Freeware\nfor the Visualisation and Processing of Mass Spectrometric Data","volume":"26","author":"Paton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anal. At. Spectrom."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026091511113721900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17481","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c06384","article-title":"OsNRAMP5 Is a Major Transporter for\nLead Uptake in Rice","volume":"56","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511113721900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.096925","article-title":"Nramp5 Is a Major\nTransporter Responsible for Manganese and Cadmium Uptake in Rice","volume":"24","author":"Sasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511113721900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(20)60015-7","article-title":"Transport\nof Cadmium from Soil to\nGrain in Cereal Crops: A Review","volume":"31","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crtox.2024.100157","article-title":"Thallium-Poisoner\u2019s Poison: An Overview and\nReview of Current Knowledge on the Toxicological Effects and Mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Fujihara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091511113721900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-016-5647-y","article-title":"Presence of\nThallium in the Environment: Sources of Contaminations, Distribution\nand Monitoring Methods","volume":"188","author":"Karbowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.10.014","article-title":"Solid-Phase\nDistribution and Mobility of Thallium in Mining-Metallurgical Residues:\nEnvironmental Hazard Implications","volume":"243","author":"Aguilar-Carrillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ.\nPollut."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091511113721900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14101","article-title":"Rice Shaker Potassium Channel OsAKT2 Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance\nand Grain Yield by Mediating K+ Redistribution","volume":"44","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant, Cell Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091511113721900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"koaf205","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koaf205","article-title":"Two AP2\/ERF Transcription\nFactors Coregulate OsHAK1 to Modulate Potassium and Cesium Uptake\nin Rice","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.06.004","article-title":"Effect of\nWater Management and Silicon on Germination, Growth, Phosphorus and\nArsenic Uptake in Rice","volume":"144","author":"Zia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotox. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124344","article-title":"Iron-Modified\nBiochar and Water Management Regime-Induced\nChanges in Plant Growth, Enzyme Activities, and Phytoavailability\nof Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in a Paddy Soil","volume":"407","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026091511113721900_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124647","article-title":"Inhibition Effect of Sulfur on Cd\nActivity in Soil-Rice System and Its Mechanism","volume":"407","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. 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