{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:43:29Z","timestamp":1793108609589,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr?det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-01246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-01246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr?det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-04694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-04694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007067","name":"Kempestiftelserna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCSMK23-172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCSMK23-172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007067","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002805","name":"Carl Tryggers Stiftelse f?r Vetenskaplig Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTS 22:2326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTS 22:2326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004795","name":"Institut Universitaire de France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017217","name":"Institut de chimie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRP CHEMICY 2022-2027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRP CHEMICY 2022-2027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Freezing fundamentally alters how minerals transform dissolved phenols in cold environments. As water freezes, solutes are excluded from the crystal lattice and concentrated into microscopic pockets of unfrozen liquid, creating reaction conditions far more extreme than those of bulk solution. Here, we compare catechol oxidation on a key soil manganese oxide under freeze\u2013thaw versus room-temperature conditions. Freezing redirects products from soluble humic-like substances to thermally stable, mineral-bound polymers. Freeze\u2013thaw conditions removed over 50% of dissolved organic carbon within 24 h compared to less than 10% at room temperature, with solid-phase carbon increasing over 50-fold. The attenuation of the effect with increasing salinity is consistent with freeze-concentration as a key driver and indicates that the pathway should be strongest in freshwater and low-salinity frozen environments. Freeze\u2013thaw conditions also converted preformed soluble products into mineral-bound forms, demonstrating that the process operates on a range of substrates. These findings reveal an unrecognized abiotic carbon stabilization pathway that could operate when microbial decomposition is suppressed by freezing with direct implications for carbon dynamics in permafrost and seasonally frozen environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c05553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:02:02Z","timestamp":1791972122000},"page":"30031-30040","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ice\nConverts Phenols\ninto Persistent Mineral-Bound\nPolymers"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Rong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University , , ,","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden, SE 901 87"]},{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Rennes , , ,","place":["Rennes, France, F-35000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8317-8564","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University , , ,","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden, SE 901 87"]},{"name":"Shandong Normal University , , ,","place":["Jinan, China, 250014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8238-4823","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University , , ,","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden, SE 901 87"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8839-8428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tra My","family":"Bui Thi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University , , ,","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden, SE 901 87"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6072-1294","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khalil","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Rennes , , ,","place":["Rennes, France, F-35000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4954-6461","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Franc\u0327ois","family":"Boily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University , , ,","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden, SE 901 87"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7546","key":"2026102708465749600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14338","article-title":"Climate\nChange and the Permafrost Carbon Feedback","volume":"520","author":"Schuur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026102708465749600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.123068","article-title":"Inorganic\nSubstrates in Frozen Solutions:\nTransformation Mechanisms and Interactions with Organic Compounds\n- A Review","volume":"273","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026102708465749600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JG007638","article-title":"Permafrost Carbon: Progress\non Understanding Stocks and Fluxes Across Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems","volume":"129","author":"Treat","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102708465749600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c06747","article-title":"Freeze\u2013Thaw\nCycle-Enhanced\nTransformation of Iodide to Organoiodine Compounds in the Presence\nof Natural Organic Matter and Fe(III)","volume":"56","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026102708465749600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7410","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b00950","article-title":"Abiotic Formation of Humic-Like Substances through Freezing-Accelerated\nReaction of Phenolic Compounds and Nitrite","volume":"53","author":"Min","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026102708465749600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c05705","article-title":"Frozen Hydrogen\nPeroxide and Nitrite Solution: The\nAcceleration of Benzoic Acid Oxidation via the Decreased pH in Ice","volume":"56","author":"Ahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"35","key":"2026102708465749600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2507588122","article-title":"Ice as a Kinetic\nand Mechanistic Driver of Oxalate-Promoted Iron Oxyhydroxide Dissolution","volume":"122","author":"Sebaaly","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026102708465749600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12816","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04211","article-title":"Freezing-Enhanced\nDissolution of\nIron Oxides: Effects of Inorganic Acid Anions","volume":"49","author":"Jeong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026102708465749600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5317","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00604","article-title":"MnO2-Induced\nOxidation of Iodide in Frozen Solution","volume":"57","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026102708465749600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17948","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c07493","article-title":"Simultaneous Oxidation of Bromide and Dissolution of\nManganese Oxide Induced by Freezing","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026102708465749600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c07520","article-title":"Coupled Sorption and Oxidation of\nSoil Dissolved Organic Matter on Manganese Oxides: Nano\/Sub-Nanoscale\nDistribution and Molecular Transformation","volume":"56","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465749600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2024.100737","article-title":"Mineral Carbon Pump in the Earth System","volume":"6","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026102708465749600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-023-00396-y","article-title":"Introducing\nthe Soil Mineral Carbon Pump","volume":"4","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth\nEnviron."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465749600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54832-8","article-title":"Important Role of Fe\nOxides in Global\nSoil Carbon Stabilization and Stocks","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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Total Environ."},{"issue":"47","key":"2026102708465749600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25251","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c08244","article-title":"Manganese Oxides Drive Divergent\nFates of Litter-Derived DOM via pH-Regulated Oxidative Decomposition\nand Polymerization","volume":"59","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026102708465749600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27279","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c02143","article-title":"Characterizing the Effect of pH and\nMolecular Structure on the Reactions of Catechol and Hydroquinone\nwith Birnessite","volume":"59","author":"Atkins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026102708465749600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36009","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c05290","article-title":"Interfacial Oxidative Oligomerization\nof Catechol","volume":"7","author":"Guzman","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465749600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7628","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8628","article-title":"Towards a\nMechanistic Understanding of Carbon Stabilization in Manganese Oxides","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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Mater."},{"issue":"35","key":"2026102708465749600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24863","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c06015","article-title":"Freezing-Induced Manganese\nVacancies in Birnessite Boost Bisphenol A Degradation","volume":"60","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"25","key":"2026102708465749600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12618","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c14026","article-title":"MnO2 and Oxygen\nFacilitate Organic\nMatter Formation via Oxidation and Catalysis in Oxygenated Alkaline\nConditions","volume":"59","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026102708465749600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOEC.0000006682.50061.83","article-title":"Phenolic Compounds in Natural Solutions of a Coniferous\nForest","volume":"23","author":"Gallet","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102708465749600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(99)00033-4","article-title":"Phenolic Composition\nof Soil Solutions: Comparative\nStudy of Lysimeter and Centrifuge Waters","volume":"31","author":"Gallet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soil\nBiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026102708465749600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6955","DOI":"10.1021\/es061127c","article-title":"Oligomerization of Humic Phenolic\nMonomers by Oxidative Coupling under Biomimetic Catalysis","volume":"40","author":"S\u030cmejkalova\u0301","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465749600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.7196","article-title":"Impacts\nof Permafrost Degradation on Arctic River Biogeochemistry","volume":"23","author":"Frey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process"},{"issue":"296","key":"2026102708465749600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1180\/minmag.1971.038.296.12","article-title":"The Synthesis\nof Birnessite, Cryptomelane, and Some Other Oxides and Hydroxides\nof Manganese","volume":"38","author":"McKenzie","year":"1971","journal-title":"Mineral Mag."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026102708465749600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6557","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ay41160e","article-title":"Fluorescence Spectroscopy\nand Multi-Way Techniques. PARAFAC","volume":"5","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"2026102708465749600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2015.12.159","article-title":"XPS Determination\nof Mn Oxidation States in Mn (Hydr)Oxides","volume":"366","author":"Ilton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl.\nSurf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465749600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5194\/soil-6-115-2020","article-title":"Depletion of Soil Carbon and Aggregation\nafter Strong Warming of a Subarctic Andosol under Forest and Grassland\nCover","volume":"6","author":"Poeplau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465749600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2006.00799.x","article-title":"Sorptive Stabilization\nof Organic Matter by Microporous\nGoethite: Sorption into Small Pores vs. Surface Complexation","volume":"58","author":"Kaiser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465749600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2005.0120","article-title":"Review: Organic Matter\nRemoval from Soils Using Hydrogen Peroxide, Sodium Hypochlorite, and\nDisodium Peroxodisulfate","volume":"69","author":"Mikutta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am.\nJ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465749600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-021-00301-9","article-title":"Carboxyl-Richness Controls Organic Carbon Preservation\nduring Coprecipitation with Iron (Oxyhydr)Oxides in the Natural Environment","volume":"2","author":"Curti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. 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Technol."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026102708465749600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.1021\/es034354c","article-title":"Fluorescence Excitation\u2013Emission\nMatrix Regional Integration to Quantify Spectra for Dissolved Organic\nMatter","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465749600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(99)00021-9","article-title":"Characterization\nof Groundwater Humic Substances: Influence\nof Sedimentary Organic Carbon","volume":"15","author":"Artinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"2026102708465749600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153070","article-title":"Development of a\nFluorescence EEM-PARAFAC Model for Potable Water Reuse Monitoring:\nImplications for Inter-Component Protein\u2013Fulvic\u2013Humic\nInteractions","volume":"820","author":"Wells","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"30","key":"2026102708465749600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6612","DOI":"10.1021\/jp404071y","article-title":"Using Singlet\nMolecular Oxygen to Probe the Solute\nand Temperature Dependence of Liquid-like Regions in\/on Ice","volume":"117","author":"Bower","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026102708465749600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2415027122","article-title":"On the Shape of Air\nBubbles Trapped in Ice","volume":"122","author":"Thie\u0301venaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.\nU.S.A."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026102708465749600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6655","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JC009849","article-title":"First \u201cin Situ\u201d Determination\nof Gas Transport Coefficients (DO2, DAr, and DN2) from Bulk Gas Concentration Measurements (O2, N2, Ar) in Natural\nSea Ice","volume":"119","author":"Crabeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102708465749600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.84.885","article-title":"Ice Structures,\nPatterns, and Processes: A View across the Icefields","volume":"84","author":"Bartels-Rausch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. 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