{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:44:21Z","timestamp":1792784661906,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["72561147299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72561147299"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Phosphorus (P) management faces dual pressures from finite mineral resources and waterborne pollution. Recovering P from wastewater offers a strategic pathway to alleviate both constraints simultaneously, yet systematic evaluations remain scarce, particularly with respect to recovery pathways, regional heterogeneity, and integrated co-benefits. Using city-level data covering more than 600 cities, we quantified wastewater P flows and recovery potential across China. In 2022, 0.049 Mt P was recovered (21.9%), concentrated in eastern and northeastern China. We identified land use, technology investment, and sewage-sludge treatment as key correlates of recovery, while agronomic and technology-specific efficiencies most influenced scenario outcomes. Under the sewage sludge ash recovery scenario, recovery could rise by 288% to 0.190 Mt P, offsetting up to 6.6% of annual cropland P fertilizer demand while generating approximately USD 356 million. Average waterborne P discharge would decline by 30% during implementation relative to the Current baseline, with the 2030 value reaching 0.146 Mt P. These findings provide a robust quantitative basis demonstrating that wastewater P recovery represents a cost-effective strategy capable of delivering a synergistic triple-win for food security, environmental protection, and economic returns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c05718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:01:30Z","timestamp":1790816490000},"page":"29125-29137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiple Benefits\nof Deploying Wastewater Phosphorus\nRecovery Strategies in China: A Spatially Explicit Scenario Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Zijie","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-3519","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baojing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7367","key":"2026101310175696100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/478029a","article-title":"A broken biogeochemical cycle","volume":"478","author":"Elser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.17834.08645","volume-title":"Our Phosphorus Future","author":"Brownlie","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7934","key":"2026101310175696100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05220-z","article-title":"Global\ntrends of cropland phosphorus\nuse and sustainability challenges","volume":"611","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310175696100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.009","article-title":"The story\nof phosphorus: Global food\nsecurity and food for thought","volume":"19","author":"Cordell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glob. Environ.\nChange-Human Policy Dimens."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310175696100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2011.61.2.6","article-title":"Sustainability Challenges\nof Phosphorus and Food: Solutions from Closing the Human Phosphorus\nCycle","volume":"61","author":"Childers","year":"2011","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310175696100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00232-w","article-title":"Global actions for\na sustainable\nphosphorus future","volume":"2","author":"Brownlie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2017.08.009","article-title":"Towards phosphorus\nsustainability in North America: A model for transformational change","volume":"77","author":"Jacobs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310175696100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s44264-023-00002-0","article-title":"Realising\nthe circular phosphorus\neconomy delivers for sustainable development goals","volume":"1","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Sustain. Agriculture"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101310175696100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6606","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b01239","article-title":"Total Value of Phosphorus Recovery","volume":"50","author":"Mayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310175696100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-022-01092-0","article-title":"Half of global agricultural\nsoil phosphorus fertility derived from anthropogenic sources","volume":"16","author":"Demay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310175696100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-024-00952-9","article-title":"Phosphorus applications adjusted\nto optimal crop yields can help sustain global phosphorus reserves","volume":"5","author":"McDowell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"issue":"7968","key":"2026101310175696100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06083-8","article-title":"Safe\nand just Earth system boundaries","volume":"619","author":"Rockstro\u0308m","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2022.102628","article-title":"Disparate\nhistory of transgressing planetary boundaries\nfor nutrients","volume":"78","author":"Sandstro\u0308m","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy\nDimens."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-025-00717-3","article-title":"Overcoming recycling barriers to transform global phosphorus management","volume":"18","author":"Raniro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310175696100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-237-2021","article-title":"Country-level\nand gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment\nand reuse","volume":"13","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101310175696100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-018-0118-9","article-title":"Recirculation of\nhuman-derived nutrients from cities\nto agriculture across six continents","volume":"1","author":"Trimmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101310175696100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0428-6","article-title":"Closing\nthe phosphorus cycle","volume":"2","author":"Withers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2022.106669","article-title":"Recycling\nphosphorus from waste in China: Recycling methods and their environmental\nand resource consequences","volume":"188","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resour., Conserv.\nRecycl."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.127543","article-title":"Applying\nnutrient recovery from unused wastewater to overcome fertilizer shortage\nfor global food security","volume":"394","author":"Kurniawan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2015.09.016","article-title":"Overview and description\nof technologies\nfor recovering phosphorus from municipal wastewater","volume":"105","author":"Egle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Resour., Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.140153","article-title":"Phosphorus\nrecovery for circular\nEconomy: Application potential of feasible resources and engineering\nprocesses in Europe","volume":"454","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3133\/mcs2026","volume-title":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Version\n1.3","author":"U.S. Geological Survey.","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S274","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-015-0633-0","article-title":"Past, present, and future use of phosphorus in Chinese\nagriculture and its influence on phosphorus losses","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310175696100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519554113","article-title":"Intensification\nof phosphorus cycling in China since\nthe 1600s","volume":"113","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310175696100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-021-00794-4","article-title":"Phosphorus for Sustainable\nDevelopment Goal target of doubling smallholder productivity","volume":"5","author":"Langhans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit26","volume-title":"The National Bureau of Statistics of the People\u2019s\nRepublic\nof China; China Statistical Yearbook (2023)","year":"2023"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101310175696100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-024-01423-6","article-title":"Pathways to advanced\nresource recovery from sewage","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"issue":"39","key":"2026101310175696100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-21637-5","article-title":"Phosphorus removal\nand recovery: state of the science and challenges","volume":"29","author":"Zahed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.051","article-title":"Excess nutrient\nloads to Lake Taihu: Opportunities\nfor nutrient reduction","volume":"664","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101310175696100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.13198\/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.04.30","article-title":"Main Problems, Situation and Countermeasures\nof Water\nEco-Environment Security in the Yangtze River Basin","volume":"33","author":"Lusan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resenv.2021.100026","article-title":"Human perturbation\non phosphorus\ncycles in one of China\u2019s most eutrophicated lakes","volume":"4","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resour. Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecz.2025.100024","article-title":"From turbid to clear:\nExploring management options to mitigate future nutrient pollution\nin Lake Taihu","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Earth Critical Zone"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310175696100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-010-9440-3","article-title":"Eutrophication\nof Lake Waters in China: Cost, Causes, and Control","volume":"45","author":"Le","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.042","article-title":"An exploration of barriers for commercializing\nphosphorus recovery technologies","volume":"229","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean Prod."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310175696100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-023-00087-4","article-title":"Decoupling wastewater-related greenhouse\ngas emissions and water\nstress alleviation across 300 cities in China is challenging yet plausible\nby 2030","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2023.08.015","article-title":"Sustainable\ndevelopment of phosphorus recovery: From\na product perspective","volume":"41","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consump."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.019","article-title":"Phosphorus recovery\nfrom municipal wastewater: An integrated comparative technological,\nenvironmental and economic assessment of P recovery technologies","volume":"571","author":"Egle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.11.116","article-title":"A review of\nphosphorus recovery methods at various\nsteps of wastewater treatment and sewage sludge management. The concept\nof \u2033no solid waste generation\u2033 and analytical methods","volume":"142","author":"Cieslik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean Prod."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101310175696100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2022.2128194","article-title":"Recovery of phosphorus\nfrom wastewater: A review based on current phosphorous removal technologies","volume":"53","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clwas.2024.100139","article-title":"Combination of technologies\nfor nutrient recovery from wastewater: A review","volume":"7","author":"Rey-Marti\u0301nez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clean. Waste Syst"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123441","article-title":"Toward a decision support\nframework\nfor sustainable phosphorus management: A case study of China","volume":"279","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean Prod."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.04.010","article-title":"Phosphorus\nrecovery from municipal and fertilizer wastewater: China\u2019s\npotential and perspective","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.106806","article-title":"Phosphorus recovery\nfrom urban wastewater treatment in China: Current status, future potential\nand a roadmap for sustainable development","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J.\nWater Process. Eng."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit44","unstructured":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People\u2019s Republic of China; National Bureau of Statistics of the People\u2019s Republic of China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China.\n          .  Bulletin on the Second National Census of\nPollution Sources; Beijing, China, 2020."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit45","volume-title":"Report on the State of the Ecology and Environment in China (2022)","author":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People\u2019s Republic of China.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026101310175696100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920759117","article-title":"Improvement\nin municipal wastewater treatment alters\nlake nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in populated regions","volume":"117","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit47","volume-title":"China Statistical Yearbook on Environment (2023)","author":"The National Bureau of Statistics of the People\u2019s Republic of China; Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People\u2019s Republic of China.","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit48","volume-title":"China Urban-Rural Construction Statistical Yearbook (2023)","author":"Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People\u2019s Republic of China.","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit49","volume-title":"Implementation Plan for\nHarmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Sludge","author":"National Development and Reform Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China; Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People\u2019s Republic of China; Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People\u2019s Republic of China.","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124925","article-title":"Impact of city characteristics on\nits phosphorus metabolism in the bay area: A comparative analysis\nof cities in the Greater Bay Area of China","volume":"286","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean Prod."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135305","article-title":"Assessing the sustainability\nof phosphorus use in China:\nFlow patterns from 1980 to 2015","volume":"704","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8031-9_1","article-title":"Development\nof\nPhosphorus Recycling in Europe and Japan","volume-title":"Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling","author":"Na\u0308ttorp","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2024.07.007","article-title":"Economic feasibility\nand direct greenhouse gas emissions from different phosphorus recovery\nmethods in Swedish wastewater treatment plants","volume":"49","author":"Bagheri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consump."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2023.100258","article-title":"Environmental sustainability\nopportunity and socio-economic cost analyses of phosphorus recovery\nfrom sewage sludge","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Env. Sci. Ecotechnol."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026101310175696100_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04732-y","article-title":"Phosphorous in the\nenvironment: characteristics\nwith distribution and effects, removal mechanisms, treatment technologies,\nand factors affecting recovery as minerals in natural and engineered\nsystems","volume":"26","author":"Azam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120024","article-title":"Efficient and selective\nrecovery of iron phosphate\nfrom the leachate of incinerated sewage sludge ash by thermally induced\nprecipitation","volume":"238","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2025.108480","article-title":"Phosphorus flow changes driven by\nsoaring LiFePO4 batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage\nsystems in China: Past and future perspectives","volume":"222","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Resour., Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2017.11.002","article-title":"Environmental impacts\nof phosphorus\nrecovery from municipal wastewater","volume":"130","author":"Amann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resour.,\nConserv. Recycl."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit59","volume-title":"Global Compendium on\nPhosphorus Recovery from sewage\/Sludge\/Ash","author":"Kabbe","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109268","article-title":"Phosphorus\nrecovery from municipal\nwastewater treatment: Critical review of challenges and opportunities\nfor developing countries","volume":"248","author":"Chrispim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310175696100_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2175\/106143012X13347678384440","article-title":"Phosphorus\nRecovery from Wastewater\u2500Expert\nSurvey on Present Use and Future Potential","volume":"84","author":"Sartorius","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit62","volume-title":"Beijing Municipal\nBureau of Quality and Technical Supervision; Discharge Standard of\nWater Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (DB11\/890-2012)","author":"Beijing Municipal Bureau of Environmental Protection.","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106093","article-title":"Development, current\nstate and future trends of sludge management in China: Based on exploratory\ndata and CO2-equivaient emissions analysis","volume":"144","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101310175696100_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0416-x","article-title":"Environmental\nand health co-benefits\nfor advanced phosphorus recovery","volume":"2","author":"Tonini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310175696100_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06370","article-title":"Toward\na Generic Analytical\nFramework for Sustainable Nitrogen Management: Application for China","volume":"53","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit66","unstructured":"FAOStat: Food and Agriculture Data; Food\nand Agriculture Organization. http:\/\/faostat3.fao.org\/home\/E (accessed October 2, 2025)."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.064","article-title":"Phosphorus footprint\nin China over the 1961-2050 period: Historical perspective and future\nprospect","volume":"650","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2023.107178","article-title":"Food processing as\nthe dominant contributor of phosphorus output\nin nearly half of China\u2019s regions","volume":"198","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resour.,\nConserv. Recycl."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101310175696100_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13122262","article-title":"Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency\nand Status of Phosphorus Reuse in China from 1990 to 2019","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310175696100_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-025-00582-w","article-title":"Adsorption-microbial\nintegration pioneers sustainable\nphosphorus cycle","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310175696100_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-024-01011-7","article-title":"Temporal and\nspatial analysis of fertilizer application intensity and its environmental\nrisks in China from 1978 to 2022","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nEur."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecz.2025.100027","article-title":"Characteristics\nof phosphorus fertilizer\napplication in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China","volume":"2","author":"Ju","year":"2025","journal-title":"Earth Critical Zone"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2023.107400","article-title":"Optimizing\nphosphorus fertilizer use to enhance water quality, food\nsecurity and social equality","volume":"203","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resour., Conserv.\nRecycl."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310175696100_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-024-00977-0","article-title":"An\noptimized crop-livestock system can achieve a safe\nand just planetary boundary for phosphorus at the sub-basin level\nin China","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153750","article-title":"Phosphorous\nremoval and recovery from urban wastewater: Current practices and\nnew directions","volume":"823","author":"Di Capua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310175696100_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedsph.2024.05.002","article-title":"Phosphorus\nacquisition by plants: Challenges and promising strategies for sustainable\nagriculture in the 21st century","volume":"35","author":"Go\u0301mez-Gallego","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2019.104429","article-title":"Reclaimed phosphorus\ncommodity reserve from water resource\nrecovery facilities-A strategic regional concept towards phosphorus\nrecovery","volume":"150","author":"Law","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour., Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit78","volume-title":"Control Standards of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural\nUse (GB 4284-2018)","author":"State Administration for Market Regulation of the People\u2019s Republic of China; Standardization Administration of the People\u2019s Republic of China.","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310175696100_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-023-09917-y","article-title":"What are stakeholder\nviews and needs for achieving phosphorus sustainability?","volume":"44","author":"Grieger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Syst. Decis."},{"key":"2026101310175696100_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10445-0","article-title":"Impact hotspots\nof\nreduced nutrient discharge shift across the globe with population\nand dietary changes","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310175696100_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-025-00490-z","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of the contribution of wastewater treatment\nto urban greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions","volume":"3","author":"Moore","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Water"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c05718","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/40\/29125\/68720452\/acs.est.6c05718.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/40\/29125\/68720452\/acs.est.6c05718.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:36:24Z","timestamp":1791920184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/40\/29125\/5443032\/Multiple-Benefits-of-Deploying-Wastewater"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c05718","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}