{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:09:07Z","timestamp":1788876547355,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ammonia toxicity represents a primary biochemical bottleneck governing microbial community structure and performance during the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. However, the mechanistic basis of microbial adaptation to chronic ammonia levels remains poorly characterized. In this study, a long-term sequential enrichment strategy under progressively increasing ammonia concentrations (350\u20131500 mgN L\u20131), integrated with genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, was employed to resolve the response of an organic waste-degrading microbiome over a 240 day period. Increasing ammonia pressure induced a progressive decline in methanogenesis and accumulation of volatile fatty acids, particularly acetate. Despite these inhibitory pressures, methane production was only halved relative to the initial baseline reflecting a resilient methanogenic community. This stability was driven by a restructuring of the microbiome, where functional redundancy across divergent taxa preserved core metabolic functions. Key adaptive responses included the reconfiguration of carbon fixation pathways, specifically via a variant of the Wood\u2013Ljungdahl pathway coupled with the glycine cleavage system acting as an alternative acetate oxidation route, as well as sustained osmoprotectant biosynthesis. Cellular homeostasis was preserved through H+ replenishment via multiple energy-converting complexes and K+ influx to maintain cation\u2013proton balance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that metabolic plasticity and the preservation of core metabolic functions are the primary determinants of ammonia resilience, sustaining methane production under inhibitory conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c05759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:26:57Z","timestamp":1788251217000},"page":"24776-24791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptive Evolution\nReveals Metabolic Plasticity and\nFunctional Redundancy in an Anaerobic Microbiome under Extreme Ammonia\nStress"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Francescato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova , , Via U. Bassi 58\/b , ,","place":["Padova, Italy, 35121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6600-4272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Ghiotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova , , Via U. Bassi 58\/b , ,","place":["Padova, Italy, 35121"]},{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , , 1 Cyclotron Road , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Valerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova , , Via U. Bassi 58\/b , ,","place":["Padova, Italy, 35121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3887-737X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicola","family":"De Bernardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova , , Via U. Bassi 58\/b , ,","place":["Padova, Italy, 35121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Fraulini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova , , Via U. Bassi 58\/b , ,","place":["Padova, Italy, 35121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8058-6408","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Sandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova , , Via Marzolo 9 , ,","place":["Padova, Italy, 35131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5053-4452","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Treu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova , , Via U. Bassi 58\/b , ,","place":["Padova, Italy, 35121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Lavagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova , , Via Marzolo 9 , ,","place":["Padova, Italy, 35131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9431-1648","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefano","family":"Campanaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova , , Via U. 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