{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:43:01Z","timestamp":1792784581616,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,9,19]],"date-time":"2027-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1821312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008783","name":"National Research Council of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAP25042-000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAP25042-000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003705","name":"Korea Institute of Toxicology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2710110688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2710110688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003705","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant of the Korea government (MSIT)","award":["RS-2025-16070203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-16070203"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Traditional ecotoxicological assessments predominantly rely on single-species bioassays, often failing to address the complex interspecific interactions and structural resilience inherent in natural ecosystems. In this study, we developed a community-level ecotoxicological approach using soil seed banks as a representative ecological proxy. By reconstructing diverse plant assemblages directly from field-sampled soil (26 species, 455 individual plants), we evaluated the impacts of a model chemical (cadmium, Cd) on multidimensional end points, including plant diversity, biomass productivity, and co-occurrence networks. Our findings revealed a discrepancy between individual and community-level sensitivities: the effective concentration 10% (EC10) for the Shannon\u2013Wiener index was 76.36 mg kg\u20131, which is approximately 20-fold higher than the hazardous concentration 5% derived from conventional species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models. Although these metrics differ in their conceptual basis, this gap offers critical insights into the conservative margin of regulatory standards. While total community biomass significantly declined at high Cd concentrations, dominant species exhibited robust tolerance, suggesting a selective filtration of sensitive species rather than a uniform inhibition across all constituents. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that Cd stress reduced structural complexity while simultaneously increasing interspecific co-occurrence strength among survivors. These results demonstrate that plant communities possess a significantly higher buffering capacity against chemical stress. Our approach provides an ecologically realistic platform for the next generation of ecological risk assessments, offering deeper and more direct insights into anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c06092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:04:46Z","timestamp":1789794286000},"page":"27621-27628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Translating Ecological\nRealism into Ecotoxicology:\nAn Experimental Approach for Assessing Plant Biodiversity"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2418-816X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rosa","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Toxicology , 17 Jegok-gil , ,","place":["Jinju, Republic of Korea, 52834"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Hyun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Toxicology , 17 Jegok-gil , ,","place":["Jinju, Republic of Korea, 52834"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hi Gyu","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Toxicology , 17 Jegok-gil , ,","place":["Jinju, Republic of Korea, 52834"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1434-9444","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shin Woong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Toxicology , 17 Jegok-gil , ,","place":["Jinju, Republic of Korea, 52834"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026100609070229400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.2c00133","article-title":"Precision\nEcotoxicology and the Biodiversity Crisis","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180875","article-title":"Species Sensitivity Distribution\nModeling for Ecotoxicity Prediction of Industrial Chemicals","volume":"1006","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100609070229400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5324","article-title":"The ECOTOXicology\nKnowledgebase:\nA Curated Database of Ecologically Relevant Toxicity Tests to Support\nEnvironmental Research and Risk Assessment","volume":"41","author":"Olker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit4","volume-title":"EC\nTechnical Guidance for Deriving Environmental Quality Standards Guidance\nDocument. No 27","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.03.002","article-title":"Do Predictions from\nSpecies Sensitivity Distributions\nMatch with Field Data?","volume":"189","author":"Smetanova\u0301","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit6","volume-title":"Extrapolation\nPractice\nfor Ecotoxicological Effect Characterization of Chemicals","author":"Van den Brink","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470855150","volume-title":"Community Ecotoxicology","author":"Clements","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61334-0_10","volume-title":"Community Testing, Microcosm\nand Mesocosm Experiments: Ecotoxicological Tools with High Ecological\nRealism","author":"Landner","year":"1989"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1172-3_1","article-title":"Mesocosms\nin Ecotoxicology (1): Outdoor\nAquatic Systems","volume":"165","author":"Caquet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit10","volume-title":"Freshwater Biomonitoring\nand Benthic Macroinvertebrates","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108999","article-title":"A Conceptual Framework for Landscape-Based Environmental Risk Assessment\n(ERA) of Pesticides","volume":"191","author":"Tarazona","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit12","article-title":"ISO 10872:2020 Water and Soil Quality\u2500Determination\nof the Toxic Effect of Sediment and Soil Samples on Growth","volume-title":"Fertility and Reproduction of Caenorhabditis Elegans\n(Nematoda)","author":"ISO.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264070066-en","volume-title":"Test No. 208: Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling\nEmergence\nand Seedling Growth Test","author":"OECD.","year":"2006"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100609070229400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2008.01525.x","article-title":"Pollution-induced Community Tolerance\nas a Measure of Species Interaction in Toxicity Assessment","volume":"45","author":"McClellan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. 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Int."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-440405-2.X5001-5","volume-title":"Ecology of Soil Seed\nBanks","author":"Leck","year":"1989"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994321.0215","article-title":"The Functional\nEcology of Soil Seed Banks","volume-title":"Seeds: The\nEcology of Regeneration in Plant Communities","author":"Thompson","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725507","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1725507","article-title":"Global Patterns\nin Soil Seed Bank Seasonality: A Meta-Analysis of Ecosystem and Functional\nGroup Dynamics","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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L.\n          \n          Ggraph: An\nImplementation of Grammar of Graphics for Graphs and Networks. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=ggraph."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis\nfor the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609070229400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-021-03994-z","article-title":"Guidelines for Correlation\nCoefficient Threshold Settings\nin Metabolite Correlation Networks Exemplified on a Potato Association\nPanel","volume":"22","author":"Toubiana","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit33","volume-title":"The Igraph\nSoftware Package for Complex Network Research","author":"Csa\u0301rdi","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609070229400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(03)00263-X","article-title":"Soil Ecotoxicity\nAssessment Using Cadmium Sensitive Plants","volume":"127","author":"An","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ.\nPollut."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119687","article-title":"Modulation of\nOsmoprotection and Antioxidant Defense by Exogenously Applied Acetate\nEnhances Cadmium Stress Tolerance in Lentil Seedlings","volume":"308","author":"Hossain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609070229400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s44372-024-00073-4","article-title":"Effects of\nCadmium Toxicity on Growth\nand Biochemical Properties of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)","volume":"1","author":"Liza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discover Plants"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100609070229400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020164","article-title":"Heavy Metal Effects on Biodiversity\nand Stress Responses of Plants Inhabiting Contaminated Soil in Khulais,\nSaudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"Alsherif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100609070229400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-021-03296-3","article-title":"Plant Species Diversity of Plant\nCommunities and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Buffer Zone of Momianhe\nStream Along a Long-Term Mine Wastes Area, China","volume":"107","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.020","article-title":"Containment and Phytoremediation: Complementary Roles of Vertical\nPlant Diversity for Heavy Metals Mitigation in Mining Areas","volume":"165","author":"Rao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.133111","article-title":"Comprehensive Assessment of Health\nand Ecological Risk of Cadmium in Agricultural Soils across China:\nA Tiered Framework","volume":"465","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit41","volume-title":"Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety\nAssessment, R.10","author":"ECHA.","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit42","volume-title":"Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and\nReceiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms","author":"EPA.","year":"2002","edition":"5"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100609070229400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620211127","article-title":"Freshwater to Saltwater\nToxicity Extrapolation Using Species Sensitivity Distributions","volume":"21","author":"Wheeler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/jrsssc\/qlag007","article-title":"Species Sensitivity\nDistribution Revisited: A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach","volume":"75","author":"Alamichel","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C Appl. Stat."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100609070229400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3390\/pollutants4030029","article-title":"Assessment of Heavy\nMetals (Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) Bioaccumulation and Translocation by Erigeron\nCanadensis L. in Polluted Soil","volume":"4","author":"Laptiev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pollutants"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.141265","article-title":"Effects of Setaria Viridis on Heavy\nMetal Enrichment Tolerance and Bacterial Community Establishment in\nHigh-Sulfur Coal Gangue","volume":"351","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609070229400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544316","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2025.2544316","article-title":"Cadmium Toxicity in Plants: From\nTransport to Tolerance Mechanisms","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Signal.\nBehav."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609070229400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.3079","article-title":"Unfriendly\nNeighbors: When Facilitation Does Not Contribute to Restoration Success\nin Tidal Marsh","volume":"35","author":"Tanner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"2026100609070229400_cit49","volume-title":"Seedling Emergence of\nYellow Woodsorrel in Eastern South Dakota","author":"Anderson","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100609070229400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rtaf116","DOI":"10.1093\/jpe\/rtaf116","article-title":"Multiple\nCushion Plants Enhance Alpine Plant Diversity\nthrough Sustaining Plant\u2013Plant Co-Occurrence Networks","volume":"18","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal Of Plant Ecology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100609070229400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2009.12.004","article-title":"Conservation\nof Species Interaction Networks","volume":"143","author":"Tylianakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c06092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/39\/27621\/68563137\/acs.est.6c06092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/39\/27621\/68563137\/acs.est.6c06092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:29:15Z","timestamp":1791293355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/39\/27621\/5433225\/Translating-Ecological-Realism-into-Ecotoxicology"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c06092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]}}}