{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:48:30Z","timestamp":1790750910127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and pathogenic microorganisms threaten coastal ecosystems and public health, requiring rapid field-deployable detection. Herein, we present an integrated paper-based platform combining polymerase chain reaction (PCR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and lateral flow assay (LFA) for on-site nucleic acid detection. The platform integrates a miniature thermal cycler, lyophilized paper-based reaction chambers, and a capillary-driven detection pen for contamination-free transfer and dual-mode readout. The platform achieved limits of detection of 101\u2013102 copies \u03bcL\u20131 by SERS and 103\u2013104 copies \u03bcL\u20131 by visualization for Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Alexandrium tamarense, and Noctiluca scintillans, with complete amplification and detection within 30 min. Field validation at a coastal bathing beach showed agreement with laboratory-based quantitative PCR (qPCR), with only one discordant result out of 36 environmental samples, demonstrating comparable performance to the current gold-standard method while offering portability and rapid on-site response. Furthermore, the platform identified Ulva prolifera (a key driver of green tide) micropropagules as small as 600 \u03bcm and enabled large-scale mapping of overwintering zones across the Yellow-Bohai Sea. This platform supports rapid environmental monitoring and public health surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c06094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T16:44:23Z","timestamp":1784220263000},"page":"20622-20636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Paper-Based\nChip Platform: PCR-SERS-LFA Integration\nfor On-Site Coastal Harmful Microorganism Detection"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Qishuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Coastal Zone Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Technologies and Equipment ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Coastal Zone Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Technologies and Equipment ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Nuclear Safety ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longwen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Coastal Zone Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Technologies and Equipment ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Coastal Zone Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Technologies and Equipment ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongchao","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University , , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3032-3706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yixuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Coastal Zone Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Technologies and Equipment ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiadong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Coastal Zone Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Technologies and Equipment ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Coastal Zone Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Technologies and Equipment ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8274-1272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Coastal Zone Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Technologies and Equipment ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University , , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3764-3515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lingxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Coastal Zone Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Technologies and Equipment ,","place":["Yantai, China, 264003"]},{"name":"Shaoxing University , , ,","place":["Shaoxing, China, 312000"]},{"name":"Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39863-x","article-title":"Engineered reporter phages for detection of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus,\nand Klebsiella in urine","volume":"14","author":"Meile","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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Chem"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6253","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c02084","article-title":"Dual-pathway lateral\nflow assay for rapid and sensitive SARS-CoV-2\nRNA detection via CRISPR\/Cas13a-mediated SERS","volume":"10","author":"Joung","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61600-9","article-title":"A point-of-care\ndiagnostic for drug-induced liver injury\nusing surface-enhanced Raman scattering lateral flow immunoassay","volume":"16","author":"Sloan-Dennison","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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Commun"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3742","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00532D","article-title":"A rapid nucleic\nacid concentration measurement system with large field of view for\na droplet digital PCR microfluidic chip","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab\nChip"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116737","article-title":"Present status of\nmicrofluidic PCR chip in nucleic acid detection and future perspective","volume":"157","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-003-2144-2","article-title":"Microchip PCR","volume":"377","author":"Kricka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. 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Microdevices"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128289","article-title":"Surface\nenhanced Raman scattering\ntag enabled ultrasensitive molecular identification of Hippocampus\ntrimaculatus based on DNA barcoding","volume":"294","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27167","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c06564","article-title":"Evaluation of the\nmultidimensional\nenhanced lateral flow immunoassay in point-of-care nanosensors","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3390\/w16020224","article-title":"Advancements\nin biological strategies for controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs)","volume":"16","author":"Anabtawi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124283","article-title":"Shallow\nlearning model for long-term cyanobacterial bloom forecasting in real-time\nmonitoring system","volume":"287","author":"Sandubete-Lo\u0301pez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0040-1","article-title":"Cyanobacterial blooms","volume":"16","author":"Huisman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev.\nMicrobiol"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c06502","article-title":"Green tides\nin the Yellow sea promoted the proliferation of pelagophyte aureococcus\nanophagefferens","volume":"56","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5996","DOI":"10.1021\/es200579q","article-title":"Genetic and marine\ncyclonic eddy analyses on the largest macroalgal\nbloom in the world","volume":"45","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117821","article-title":"Improving the performance\nof machine learning models for early warning\nof harmful algal blooms using an adaptive synthetic sampling method","volume":"207","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26498","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26498","article-title":"Growth responses of\nUlva prolifera to inorganic and\norganic nutrients: Implications for macroalgal blooms in the southern\nYellow Sea, China","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24923","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24923","article-title":"The sporulation\nof the green alga Ulva prolifera is controlled by changes in photosynthetic\nelectron transport chain","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, S.; Wang, F.; Li, C.; Qin, S.; Zhou, M.; Ding, L.; Pang, S.; Duan, D.; Wang, G.; Yin, B.; et al.\n          Emerging\nchallenges:\nMassive green algae blooms in the Yellow Sea.  Nat. Preced, 2008, 10.1038\/npre.2008.2266.1.","DOI":"10.1038\/npre.2008.2266.1"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2014.05.013","article-title":"Tempo-spatial\ndistribution and species diversity of green algae micro-propagules\nin the Yellow Sea during the large-scale green tide development","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.09.005","article-title":"Tracing\nthe origin of green macroalgal blooms based on the large scale spatio-temporal\ndistribution of Ulva microscopic propagules and settled mature Ulva\nvegetative thalli in coastal regions of the Yellow Sea, China","volume":"59","author":"Huo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.09.004","article-title":"Changes in morphological\nplasticity of Ulva prolifera under different environmental conditions:\nA laboratory experiment","volume":"59","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2025.102966","article-title":"Ship-based eDNA tracking unveils early dispersal\npatterns and microecological\ndynamics of Ulva prolifera micropropagules in yellow sea green tide\noutbreaks","volume":"150","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-021-1040-y","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distribution and influencing\nfactors of Ulva prolifera and Sargassum and their coexistence in the\nSouth Yellow Sea, China","volume":"40","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oceanol. Limnol"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-020-0140-4","article-title":"Investigation of the\ndecline of Ulva prolifera in the Subei Shoal\nand Qingdao based on physiological changes","volume":"39","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oceanol. Limnol"},{"key":"2026072809082903600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.123217","article-title":"Metatranscriptomic\ninsights into the microbial metabolic activities\nduring an Ulva prolifera green tide in coastal Qingdao areas","volume":"343","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c06094","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/29\/20622\/65980781\/acs.est.6c06094.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/29\/20622\/65980781\/acs.est.6c06094.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:11:17Z","timestamp":1785244277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/29\/20622\/5212240\/Paper-Based-Chip-Platform-PCR-SERS-LFA-Integration"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c06094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]}}}