{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:42:43Z","timestamp":1792784563304,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission (Horizon Europe Framework Programme)","award":["EASVOLEE 101095457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EASVOLEE 101095457"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vehicular emissions are an important source of urban air pollution that can age through atmospheric processes, but how their health effects change during atmospheric aging remains poorly understood. To simulate realistic urban emissions, we sampled air in a parking garage where cold-start and urban emissions coexist. Following aging in an oxidation flow reactor (OFR), we studied the cellular and acellular effects of the fresh and aged aerosols. Photochemical aging in the OFR increased secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass by up to 6.9-fold, the oxygen-to-carbon (O:C) ratio from 0.26 to 0.79, and both the intrinsic oxidative potential (OPm) and the volume-normalized oxidative potential (OPv). In contrast, the peroxide-sensitive DCF activity decreased following aging. Cellular exposure to aged aerosol extracts increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in lung (A549) and liver (HepG2) cells, whereas fresh extracts strongly reduced cellular respiration, particularly in HepG2 cells. Cell painting analysis showed distinct morphological profiles. Exposure to aged extracts showed greater oxidative stress and DNA damage responses than those of exposure to fresh extracts. These findings suggest that atmospheric aging shifts the toxicity of fresh emissions from suppression of mitochondrial respiration toward oxygenated organics that can drive intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage phenotypes. In conclusion, atmospheric aging of cold-start and urban vehicular emissions contributes to enhanced SOA formation and leads to distinct biological outcomes that depend on the degree of oxidative aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c06323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:01:55Z","timestamp":1791500515000},"page":"29313-29324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aging of Urban Traffic\nFine Particles Modulates Toxicity\nMechanisms and Oxidative Stress Responses"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6480-1171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michal","family":"Pardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science , , 234 Herzl Street , P.O.Box 26, ,","place":["Rehovot, Israel, 7610001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noga","family":"Kozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science , , ,","place":["Rehovot, Israel, 7610001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1129-4774","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanfang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haim","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science , , ,","place":["Rehovot, Israel, 7610001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galit","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science , , ,","place":["Rehovot, Israel, 7610001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4547-6883","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Damianos","family":"Pavlidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]},{"name":"University of Patras , , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8654-185X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christos","family":"Kaltsonoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Seitanidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia A.","family":"Argyropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]},{"name":"University of Patras , , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina N.","family":"Vasilakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Paris Cite\u0301 and Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA , ,","place":["Paris, France, F-75013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Christopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]},{"name":"University of Patras , , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Matrali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]},{"name":"University of Patras , , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingchen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E\u0301cole Polytechnique Fe\u0301de\u0301rale de Lausanne , , ,","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland, CH-1015"]},{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universite\u0301, Universite\u0301 de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO , Cedex 09,","place":["Marseille, France, 13288"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9243-8194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andre S. H.","family":"Prevot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3958-2138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David M.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) , , ,","place":["Villigen, Switzerland, 5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8085-9795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Spyros N.","family":"Pandis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]},{"name":"University of Patras , , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3873-9970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Nenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH\/ICE-HT) , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]},{"name":"University of Patras , , ,","place":["Patras, Greece, 26504"]},{"name":"E\u0301cole Polytechnique Fe\u0301de\u0301rale de Lausanne , , ,","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland, CH-1015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3149-0201","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yinon","family":"Rudich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science , , 234 Herzl Street , P.O.Box 26, ,","place":["Rehovot, Israel, 7610001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2026102007514270000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4003","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b03430","article-title":"Review of Acellular Assays of Ambient\nParticulate Matter Oxidative Potential: Methods and Relationships\nwith Composition, Sources, and Health Effects","volume":"53","author":"Bates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. 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