{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:25:00Z","timestamp":1787073900441,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014552","name":"Adlerbertska Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014552","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002805","name":"Carl Tryggers Stiftelse f?r Vetenskaplig Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTS 23:2526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTS 23:2526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002805","name":"Carl Tryggers Stiftelse f?r Vetenskaplig Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTS 24:3137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTS 24:3137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council (VR)","award":["2020-03497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-03497"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council (VR)","award":["2021-04042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-04042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Natural salts are ubiquitous in saline environments and atmospheric aerosols, where their surface chemistry influences multiphase reactions and chlorine activation. The release of chloride as reactive chlorine species affects tropospheric oxidation and ozone chemistry, yet the molecular-level processes governing chloride speciation near deliquescence remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate humidity-driven interfacial chemistry of a natural chloride-rich salt using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. By systematically varying relative humidity (RH) near the deliquescence threshold of MgCl2\u00b76H2O, we observe reversible changes in chloride speciation prior to the formation of a fully deliquesced bulk phase. Hydration induces pronounced surface enrichment and redistribution of chlorine-containing species, accompanied by the emergence of molecular HCl at the interface. This enrichment increases the surface availability of HCl-like species, suggesting a greater potential for gas-phase release under fluctuating atmospheric conditions. Depth-resolved measurements show that these transformations are confined to the outermost nanometers and are fully reversible upon dehydration. Complementary NEXAFS measurements reveal the structural transition from a crystalline salt to a hydrated and ultimately aqueous phase. These results demonstrate that RH-driven phase transitions in hygroscopic components such as MgCl2 create reactive, transient interfaces that govern chloride chemistry and may enhance chlorine activation under atmospherically relevant humidity fluctuations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c06363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:02:03Z","timestamp":1786122123000},"page":"22791-22800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Humidity-Driven\nChloride Protonation and Surface Enrichment\non Natural Salt Surfaces near Deliquescence"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4594-4264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kinga","family":"Szalo\u0301-Pa\u0301l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, SE-41390"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3200-2337","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Faure\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, SE-41390"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5353-1110","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zu\u0308rich , , ,","place":["Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland, 8092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100871"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, SE-41390"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4683-6447","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca","family":"Artiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen PSI, Switzerland, CH-5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5922-9000","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus","family":"Ammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen PSI, Switzerland, CH-5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-2572","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thorsten","family":"Bartels-Rausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Scherrer Institute , , ,","place":["Villigen PSI, Switzerland, CH-5232"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8910-5674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhijun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100871"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2428-7539","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik S.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, SE-41390"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7205-0723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiangrui","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, SE-41390"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810395155300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024jd042693","article-title":"Overlooked Contribution of Salt Lake\nEmissions: A Case Study of Dust Deposition From the Qinghai\u2013Xizang\nPlateau","volume":"130","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081810395155300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3372","article-title":"Airborne Minerals and Related Aerosol\nParticles: Effects\non Climate and the Environment","volume":"96","author":"Buseck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl.\nAcad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081810395155300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11341","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-11341-2015","article-title":"Sea Salt Aerosols as a Reactive Surface\nfor Inorganic and Organic Acidic Gases in the Arctic Troposphere","volume":"15","author":"Chi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081810395155300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5c00398","article-title":"Minor Components in Natural Inorganic\nAerosols Dominate\nSurface Composition: A Contrast Between Surface and Bulk","volume":"12","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026081810395155300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2022.119365","article-title":"A Review of\nAtmospheric Aging of Sea Spray Aerosols: Potential Factors Affecting\nChloride Depletion","volume":"290","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810395155300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36834-0","article-title":"Softness of\nHydrated Salt Crystals under Deliquescence","volume":"14","author":"Wijnhorst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081810395155300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5263","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.0c00319","article-title":"Reversibly\nPhysisorbed and Chemisorbed Water on Carboxylic Salt Surfaces under\nAtmospheric Conditions","volume":"124","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"26","key":"2026081810395155300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6151","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.3c00980","article-title":"Adsorbed\nWater Promotes Chemically\nActive Environments on the Surface of Sodium Chloride","volume":"14","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810395155300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820802047115","article-title":"Water Uptake\nby\nNaCl Particles Prior to Deliquescence and the Phase Rule","volume":"42","author":"Wise","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6568","key":"2026081810395155300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc5311","article-title":"A Surface-Promoted\nRedox Reaction Occurs Spontaneously on Solvating Inorganic Aerosol\nSurfaces","volume":"374","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081810395155300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestair.4c00092","article-title":"Formation of Sodium\nChloride on the Surface of Sulfate-Rich Gobi Desert Salt in Response\nto Water Adsorption","volume":"1","author":"Faure\u0301","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Air"},{"issue":"32","key":"2026081810395155300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17008","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CP01025J","article-title":"Surface Migration of\nChloride Ions\non Natural Salts by Ammonia and Water Vapor under Low RH Conditions","volume":"27","author":"Faure","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081810395155300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1021\/jz200888t","article-title":"Electric Field Reversal of Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, and Na2CO3 Relative to CaCl2 and\nNaCl at the Air\/Aqueous Interface Revealed by Heterodyne Detected\nPhase-Sensitive Sum Frequency","volume":"2","author":"Hua","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem.\nLett."},{"issue":"43","key":"2026081810395155300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24941","DOI":"10.1021\/jp505770t","article-title":"Surface Electric Fields of Aqueous\nSolutions of NH4NO3, Mg(NO3)2, NaNO3, and LiNO3: Implications for\nAtmospheric Aerosol Chemistry","volume":"118","author":"Hua","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem.\nC"},{"issue":"5709","key":"2026081810395155300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106525","article-title":"Electron Spectroscopy\nof Aqueous Solution Interfaces Reveals Surface Enhancement of Halides","volume":"307","author":"Ghosal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081810395155300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8861","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0500236","article-title":"Air\u2013Liquid\nInterfaces of Aqueous Solutions Containing Ammonium and Sulfate: Spectroscopic\nand Molecular Dynamics Studies","volume":"109","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem.\nB"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810395155300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-023-01416-6","article-title":"Surface Stratification\nDetermines the Interfacial Water Structure of Simple Electrolyte Solutions","volume":"16","author":"Litman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081810395155300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11273","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-11273-2015","article-title":"Hygroscopic\nBehavior\nof NaCl\u2013MgCl2 Mixture Particles as Nascent Sea-Spray\nAerosol Surrogates and Observation of Efflorescence during Humidification","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026081810395155300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6450","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.7b05600","article-title":"Solvent-Shared Ion Pairs at the Air\u2013Solution\nInterface of Magnesium Chloride and Sulfate Solutions Revealed by\nSum Frequency Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations","volume":"121","author":"Gotte","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081810395155300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025jd044379","article-title":"Atomic and\nMolecular\nIons in Atmospheric Chemistry: Interfacial Reactivity, Emerging Mechanisms,\nand Future Perspectives","volume":"130","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081810395155300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8327","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c14040","article-title":"Quantification\nand Mechanistic Investigation of the Spontaneous H2O2 Generation at the Interfaces of Salt-Containing Aqueous Droplets","volume":"146","author":"Angelaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"38","key":"2026081810395155300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25889","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c07356","article-title":"pH Affects the Spontaneous\nFormation of H2O2 at the Air\u2013Water Interfaces","volume":"146","author":"Angelaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026081810395155300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27768","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c06512","article-title":"Specific Ion Properties Induce Spontaneous H2O2 Production at the Air\u2013Water Interface","volume":"147","author":"Carreira Mendes Da Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081810395155300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2220228120","article-title":"Spontaneous\nDark Formation of OH Radicals at the Interface of Aqueous Atmospheric\nDroplets","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810395155300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physchem-052623-120718","article-title":"Chemical Kinetics\nin Microdroplets","volume":"75","author":"Wilson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026081810395155300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46163","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c14541","article-title":"Reevaluating\nAnomalous Electric Fields\nat the Air\u2013Water Interface: A Surface-Specific Spectroscopic\nSurvey","volume":"147","author":"Shirley","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810395155300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202418593","article-title":"The Effect of Electric Fields on\nOxidization Processes at the Air\u2013Water Interface","volume":"64","author":"Martins-Costa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081810395155300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-3981-2019","article-title":"The Role of Chlorine\nin Global Tropospheric Chemistry","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem.\nPhys."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081810395155300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2018.1830","article-title":"Dalangtan Saline Playa in a Hyperarid Region on the\nTibetan Plateau: I. Evolution and Environments","volume":"18","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Astrobiology"},{"key":"2026081810395155300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2021.110804","article-title":"Reconstructing\nHydrological History of Terrestrial Saline Lakes Using Mg Isotopes\nin Halite: A Case Study of the Quaternary Dalangtan Playa in Qaidam\nBasin, NW China","volume":"587","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol.,\nPalaeoecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810395155300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.0c00339","article-title":"Chemical and Hygroscopic\nCharacterization of Surface Salts in the Qaidam Basin: Implications\nfor Climate Impacts on Planet Earth and Mars","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Earth Space Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081810395155300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5128600","article-title":"Probing the\nSolid\u2013Liquid Interface\nwith Tender X-rays: A New Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy\nEndstation at the Swiss Light Source","volume":"91","author":"Novotny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Sci.\nInstrum."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810395155300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.740210302","article-title":"Calculations\nof Electron Inelastic\nMean Free Paths. V. Data for 14 Organic Compounds over the 50\u20132000\neV Range","volume":"21","author":"Tanuma","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081810395155300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023209","DOI":"10.1116\/1.5141079","article-title":"Practical\nGuide for Inelastic Mean Free Paths, Effective Attenuation Lengths,\nMean Escape Depths, and Information Depths in X-ray Photoelectron\nSpectroscopy","volume":"38","author":"Powell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A"},{"key":"2026081810395155300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.159319","article-title":"Defining the nature of adventitious\ncarbon and improving its merit as a charge correction reference for\nXPS","volume":"653","author":"Grey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081810395155300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ea00092f","article-title":"Surface\nSolvation of Martian Salt Analogues at Low Relative Humidities","volume":"2","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Atmos."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081810395155300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.2c00204","article-title":"Unexpected Behavior\nof Chloride and Sulfate Ions upon Surface Solvation of Martian Salt\nAnalogue","volume":"7","author":"Faure\u0301","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Earth Space Chem."},{"key":"2026081810395155300_cit38","volume-title":"CRC Handbook of Chemistry\nand Physics","author":"Lide","year":"2002","edition":"83"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081810395155300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.7b01573","article-title":"Coexistence\nof Physisorbed and Solvated\nHCl at Warm Ice Surfaces","volume":"8","author":"Kong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081810395155300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7142","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cp02864a","article-title":"HCl Adsorption on Ice\nat Low Temperature: A Combined X-ray Absorption, Photoemission, and\nInfrared Study","volume":"13","author":"Parent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081810395155300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124706","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3236805","article-title":"Large variations in\nthe propensity of aqueous oxychlorine anions for the solution\/vapor\ninterface","volume":"131","author":"Ottosson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026081810395155300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14390","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CP05836C","article-title":"Simulating Core Electron Binding\nEnergies of Halogenated Species Adsorbed on Ice Surfaces and in Solution\nvia Relativistic Quantum Embedding Calculations","volume":"24","author":"Opoku","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810395155300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10874-011-9188-z","article-title":"Anthropogenic\nSulphate Aerosols and Large Cl Deficit in Marine Atmospheric Boundary\nLayer of Tropical Bay of Bengal","volume":"66","author":"Sarin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081810395155300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26166","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c02985","article-title":"Investigating\nthe High-Temperature\nWater\/MgCl2 Interface through Ambient Pressure Soft X-ray\nAbsorption Spectroscopy","volume":"15","author":"Tavani","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c06363","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/32\/22791\/66461811\/acs.est.6c06363.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/32\/22791\/66461811\/acs.est.6c06363.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:29:12Z","timestamp":1787070552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/32\/22791\/5250494\/Humidity-Driven-Chloride-Protonation-and-Surface"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c06363","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]}}}