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This study monitored methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and slurry physicochemical properties for 15 months in laboratory-scale storage tanks designed to reproduce key features of on-farm storage, including continuous filling, farm-derived temperature dynamics, and periodic emptying events. N2O concentrations remained below 0.5 ppm and contributed negligibly to measured direct GHG emissions. In contrast, CH4 showed pronounced seasonal variability: 94.5% of annual CH4 emissions occurred during summer and autumn, whereas only 5.5% occurred during winter and spring. Summer emptying caused a sharp decline in the CH4 flux followed by partial recovery, whereas emptying during colder periods had limited effects. Machine learning (ML) models achieved robust performance during temporal external validation (R2 = 0.82) and identified pH, temperature, and volatile fatty acids as key nonlinear predictors of CH4 emissions. By combining cross-season monitoring with interpretable ML models, this study highlights the importance of long-term observations for characterizing CH4 emissions from continuously filled dairy cattle slurry storage estimation and targeted mitigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c06417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:10:52Z","timestamp":1788401452000},"page":"25439-25450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Monitoring\nof Greenhouse Gas Emissions and\nInterpretable Machine Learning Models for Methane Prediction in Dairy\nCattle Slurry Storage"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0939-1793","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14469"]},{"name":"Freie Universita\u0308t Berlin , , ,","place":["Berlin, Germany, 14163"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14469"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Kabelitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14469"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Amon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14469"]},{"name":"University of Zielona Go\u0301ra , , ,","place":["Zielona Go\u0301ra, Poland, 65-516"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianying","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14469"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Janke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14469"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Amon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14469"]},{"name":"Freie Universita\u0308t Berlin , , ,","place":["Berlin, Germany, 14163"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091511121663500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103251","article-title":"Manure management and soil biodiversity:\nTowards more sustainable food systems in the EU","volume":"194","author":"Ko\u0308ninger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric. 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