{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:44:22Z","timestamp":1792784662005,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M763372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M763372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20251701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20251701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011456","name":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISSAS2416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISSAS2416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011456","name":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKLSSA25K08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLSSA25K08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20232ACB213016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232ACB213016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["42377032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42377032"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["42507324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42507324"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["U24A20622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20622"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Foliar application of selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) is widely used to reduce cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops, but its effectiveness under atmospheric deposition remains unclear. Here, we combined field factorial soil-atmosphere exposure experiments, greenhouse validation, and Cd stable-isotope tracing to investigate the effects of foliar Se\/Si applications on Cd uptake by rice. At the background site, foliar Se and Si applications significantly reduced Cd concentration in all rice tissues, while they increased Cd in grains, leaves, and stems by 5\u201333, 6\u201325, and 7\u201314% at the high-deposition site, respectively. Furthermore, foliar Se and Si applications increased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, thereby enhancing foliar absorption of atmospheric Cd and prolonging particle retention on leaves. An optimized isotope mixing model revealed that foliar Se increased the contribution of leaf-absorbed atmospheric Cd to rice grains from 47 to 78%, while reducing the contributions of root-absorbed atmospheric Cd and soil legacy Cd from 19 to 9% and from 34 to 13%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that foliar Se and Si applications are unsuitable for reducing Cd accumulation in crops under high atmospheric deposition, due to the enhanced foliar uptake of airborne Cd. Thus, such agronomic measures should be used with caution in high-deposition areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c06506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:02:17Z","timestamp":1788940937000},"page":"27431-27442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Foliar Selenium\nand Silicon Decrease Root Uptake of\nCadmium from Soil but Increase Its Foliar Absorption from the Atmosphere:\nEvidence from Stable Isotopes"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4590-0704","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruizhi","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyi","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines Terwayet","family":"Bayouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]},{"name":"Arid Regions Institute IRA , 22.5 Km Aljorf Road , ,","place":["Me\u0301denine, Tunisia, 4119"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbiao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Huainan, China, 232001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongshuo","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210095"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buyun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Open University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210017"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Centre for Ecological and Environmental Protection in Urban and Rural Water Environment Management and Low Carbon Development , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210017"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9914-6808","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174467","article-title":"Atmospheric emissions of particulate\nmatter-bound heavy metals from industrial sources","volume":"947","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122469","article-title":"Neglected pathways\nof heavy metal input into agricultural soil: Water\u2013land\nmigration of heavy metals due to flooding events","volume":"267","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"39","key":"2026092909081383400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17283","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c00659","article-title":"Isotope Evidence\nfor Rice Accumulation of Newly Deposited and Soil Legacy Cadmium:\nA Three-Year Field Study","volume":"58","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092909081383400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c16224","article-title":"Cadmium Isotopes Reveal Dominant Atmospheric Deposition Pathways\nin Agroecosystems","volume":"60","author":"Xia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026092909081383400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16873","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04820","article-title":"Stable Isotope Ratios\nTrace the Rice Uptake of Cadmium from Atmospheric\nDeposition via Leaves and Roots","volume":"57","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138524","article-title":"Tracing atmospherically\ndeposited cadmium accumulation in rice using stable isotopes","volume":"494","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909081383400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.093005","article-title":"Spatial distribution and temporal\nvariation of the rice silicon transporter\nLsi1","volume":"143","author":"Yamaji","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909081383400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0681-z","article-title":"Foliar application\nwith nano-silicon reduced cadmium accumulation in grains by inhibiting\ncadmium translocation in rice plants","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136302","article-title":"Foliar application of zinc and selenium regulates cell\nwall fixation, physiological and gene expression to reduce cadmium\naccumulation in rice grains","volume":"480","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123393","article-title":"Synergistic effect of silicon and\nselenium on the alleviation of cadmium toxicity in rice plants","volume":"401","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026092909081383400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21133","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c06617","article-title":"Mechanisms of Manganese\u2013Selenium\nSynergistic Mitigation of Arsenic\u2013Cadmium Cotoxicity in Rice\n(Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"73","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026092909081383400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2020.1796566","article-title":"Effects of selenium on the uptake\nof toxic trace elements by crop plants: A review","volume":"51","author":"Rizwan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.108459","article-title":"Silicon, a\nquasi-essential element: Availability in soil, fertilizer regime,\noptimum dosage, and uptake in plants","volume":"208","author":"Thakral","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant\nPhysiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026092909081383400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6900","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c10506","article-title":"Foliar Application\nof Nanoparticles\nReduced Cadmium Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grains via\nLong-Distance \u201cLeaf-Root-Microorganism\u201d Regulation","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"43","key":"2026092909081383400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9537","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b03316","article-title":"Effects of interaction between cadmium\n(Cd) and selenium (Se) on grain yield and Cd and Se accumulation in\na hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) system","volume":"65","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric.\nFood Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909081383400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-025-07829-1","article-title":"Effects of selenium\u2013cadmium\ninteractions on\nsoil cadmium forms and the enrichment of selenium and cadmium in rice","volume":"516","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136368","article-title":"Exogenous silicon facilitates\nsafe crop production in cadmium-contaminated soils: A comprehensive\nmeta-analysis","volume":"480","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.147420","article-title":"Organosilicon\nmitigates cadmium toxicity and accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa\nL.): Tripartite synergistic mechanisms of apoplastic barrier reinforcement,\nvacuolar compartmentalization, and antioxidant defense activation","volume":"538","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131860","article-title":"Silicon inhibits\nthe\nupward transport of Cd in the first internode of different rice varieties\nin a Cd stressed farm land","volume":"458","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115829","article-title":"Exogenous\nselenium (cadmium) inhibits\nthe absorption and transportation of cadmium (selenium) in rice","volume":"268","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909081383400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13276","article-title":"A hemicellulose-bound\nform of silicon inhibits cadmium ion uptake in rice (Oryza sativa) cells","volume":"206","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.047","article-title":"Foliar spraying\nwith silicon and\nselenium reduces cadmium uptake and mitigates cadmium toxicity in\nrice","volume":"631\u2013632","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123546","article-title":"Soil and foliar applications\nof silicon\nand selenium effects on cadmium accumulation and plant growth by modulation\nof antioxidant system and Cd translocation: Comparison of soft vs.\ndurum wheat varieties","volume":"402","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139136","article-title":"Periphytic\nbiofilm (PB) in paddy field: A natural cadmium\nbarrier for rice (Oryza sativa L.) safe production through physiological\ndetoxification and gene regulation","volume":"495","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092909081383400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1021\/es052232+","article-title":"Tracing source pollution in soils using cadmium and\nlead isotopes","volume":"40","author":"Cloquet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2014.11.025","article-title":"Tracing sources of pollution in soils\nfrom the Jinding Pb-Zn mining\ndistrict in China using cadmium and lead isotopes","volume":"52","author":"Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2025.08.042","article-title":"Mechanisms of cadmium\nisotopic fractionation during the substitution of cadmium for zinc\nin sphalerite (ZnS)","volume":"408","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131421","article-title":"Foliar cadmium uptake,\ntransfer, and redistribution in Chili: A comparison of foliar and\nroot uptake, metabolomic, and contribution","volume":"453","author":"Ouyang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162325","article-title":"Cadmium isotope\nfractionation\nand gene expression evidence for tracking sources of Cd in grains\nduring grain filling in a soil-rice system","volume":"873","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129048","article-title":"Flooding-drainage alternations\nimpact mobilization and isotope fractionation of cadmium in soil-rice\nsystems","volume":"436","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026092909081383400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17703","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c07961","article-title":"Bioaccumulation\nof Atmospherically Deposited Cadmium in Soybean: Three-Year Field\nExperiment Combined with Cadmium Isotopes","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136451","article-title":"Cadmium uptake\nand transport in vegetables near a zinc-lead mine: Novel insights\nfrom Cd isotope fractionation","volume":"480","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092909081383400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5314","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EN00711A","article-title":"Influence of humic\nacids on Fe(ii)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformation\nand the fate of Cd: insights from microscopic characterization and\nstable Cd isotopes","volume":"12","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Nano"},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131517","article-title":"Cadmium accumulation\nand isotope fractionation in typical protozoa Tetrahymena: A new perspective\non remediation of Cd pollution in wastewater","volume":"454","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092909081383400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00610","article-title":"Cadmium isotope fractionations induced by foliar and\nroot uptake for rice exposed to atmospheric particles: Implications\nfor environmental source tracing","volume":"10","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol. Lett."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118497","article-title":"The relative\ncontributions of root\nuptake and remobilization to the loading of Cd and As into rice grains:\nImplications in simultaneously controlling grain Cd and As accumulation\nusing a segmented water management strategy","volume":"293","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125346","article-title":"Chemical speciation of trace metals\nin atmospheric deposition and\nimpacts on soil geochemistry and vegetable bioaccumulation near a\nlarge copper smelter in China","volume":"413","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909081383400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5242","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b05546","article-title":"Copper oxide nanoparticle\nfoliar uptake, phytotoxicity, and consequences for sustainable urban\nagriculture","volume":"51","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909081383400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1021\/es981251z","article-title":"Sequential\nextraction of metal contaminated soils with\nradiochemical assessment of readsorption effects","volume":"34","author":"Ho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.08.012","article-title":"Selenium reduces cadmium uptake and\nmitigates cadmium toxicity in\nrice","volume":"235\u2013236","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909081383400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151801","article-title":"Co-application of water\nmanagement and foliar spraying silicon to reduce cadmium and arsenic\nuptake in rice: A two-year field experiment","volume":"818","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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