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Here, we show that mitigating nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from agricultural machinery is as effective as cropland soil nitrogen management in reducing ozone pollution, but is largely overlooked. Using a new machinery emission accounting model and meta-analysis, we estimate that agricultural machinery and cropland soils emitted approximately 0.55 Tg N yr\u20131 of NOx in 2020. By 2050, in a clean scenario, these emissions are projected to be 0.51 (0.40\u20130.71) Tg N yr\u20131 of NOx, contributing &amp;gt;30% of total NOx emissions from both anthropogenic and natural sources during the crop-growing season. The transition of agricultural machinery toward renewable energy could reduce emissions by 0.18 Tg N yr\u20131, exceeding the mitigation potential from nitrogen management (0.11 Tg N yr\u20131). Under a stringent emission control scenario aligned with the carbon neutrality goal, these interventions reduce mitigable ozone (MO3; the fraction of surface ozone attributable to domestic anthropogenic emissions) by 15\u201330% and episode days (&amp;gt;61 ppbv) by 20\u201350% in eastern China, preventing \u223c12.7 Mt of crop losses and \u223c59,800 premature deaths annually, valued at $82.4 \u00b1 17.5 billion. With an implementation cost estimated at $36.7 \u00b1 20.8 billion, net societal benefits reach $45.8 \u00b1 38.3 billion, underscoring agricultural NOx control as a feasible multibenefit strategy for air quality, food security, and public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c06715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:21:27Z","timestamp":1788258087000},"page":"24701-24712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Coupling Agricultural\nMachinery Emission Controls\nwith Soil NOx Mitigation Effectively Reduces Ozone Pollution"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5319-826X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8720-5884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fengwei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2787-7016","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beijia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0049-2570","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Minghao","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026090809071428800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00260-1","article-title":"Global trends in\nozone concentration and attributable mortality for urban, peri-urban,\nand rural areas between 2000 and 2019: A modelling study","volume":"6","author":"Malashock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"2026090809071428800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.081","article-title":"Ozone pollution\nin China: A review of concentrations, meteorological influences, chemical\nprecursors, and effects","volume":"575","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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