{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:44:52Z","timestamp":1792784692073,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22176216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22176216"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology","award":["NELMS2020A13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NELMS2020A13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cu\/SSZ-13 is a benchmark catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 in diesel exhaust aftertreatment, but its activity can be severely impaired by alkali and alkaline-earth metal poisoning. Conventional impregnation of catalysts with such poisons involves introducing metal species prior to catalytic testing. This means that any poisoning that develops concurrently with catalyst operation is not captured. Here, we develop an aerosol-assisted, reaction-coupled poisoning platform that continuously delivers metal-containing aqueous aerosols to SCR catalysts under hydrated NH3\u2013SCR conditions. At nearly identical K loadings, aerosol-assisted poisoning caused substantially greater deactivation of Cu\/SSZ-13 than conventional impregnation of the catalyst, with a more pronounced activity loss after poisoning at 400 \u00b0C than at 200 \u00b0C. The enhanced deactivation was accompanied by a more spatially extensive K distribution, stronger perturbations of the zeolite framework, preferential alteration of 8-membered-ring-associated [Cu(OH)]+\u2013Z species, spectroscopic signatures consistent with CuOx aggregation, and partial neutralization of Br\u00f8nsted acid sites. Similar pathway- and temperature-dependent deactivation trends were observed for Na-, Mg-, and Ca-poisoned Cu\/SSZ-13 and for K-poisoned V2O5\u2013WO3\/TiO2. These results establish aerosol-assisted poisoning as a controlled, accelerated approach for evaluating metal-induced deactivation of SCR catalysts under hydrated reaction conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c07432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:39:45Z","timestamp":1788406785000},"page":"28577-28585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aerosol-Assisted\nMetal Poisoning of Cu\/SSZ-13 during\nNH\n                    <b>3<\/b>\n                    -SCR Operation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2219-960X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renmin University of China , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100872"]},{"name":"Leibniz-Institut fu\u0308r Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT) , , ,","place":["Rostock, Germany, 18059"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renmin University of China , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100872"]},{"name":"China University of Petroleum , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 102249"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiyuan University of Technology , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, P. R. China, 030024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiyuan University of Technology , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, P. R. China, 030024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3392-9812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Petroleum , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 102249"]},{"name":"Liaoning Petrochemical University , , ,","place":["Fushun, P. R. China, 113001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7249-0529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0431-6937","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Evgenii V.","family":"Kondratenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institut fu\u0308r Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT) , , ,","place":["Rostock, Germany, 18059"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6354","key":"2026101310150876600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan5630","article-title":"Dynamic multinuclear sites formed\nby mobilized copper ions in NOx selective\ncatalytic reduction","volume":"357","author":"Paolucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2010.07.031","article-title":"Excellent\nactivity and selectivity of Cu-SSZ-13 in the selective catalytic reduction\nof NOx with NH3","volume":"275","author":"Kwak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Catal"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-019-0303-x","article-title":"Current\nstate of the art and future needs for automotive exhaust catalysis","volume":"2","author":"Lambert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Catal"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7933","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CS00283D","article-title":"Tailoring Cu-based small-pore zeolites\ntowards NH3-SCR for NOx abatement","volume":"54","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-020-00552-3","article-title":"Chemical gradients\nin automotive Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts for NOx removal revealed by operando X-ray spectrotomography","volume":"4","author":"Becher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Catal"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7371","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00108K","article-title":"Recent advances\nin automotive catalysis for NOx emission\ncontrol by small-pore microporous materials","volume":"44","author":"Beale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11260","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5c00426","article-title":"Catalyst deactivation in the abatement of atmospheric\npollutants: Origin, resistance, and regeneration","volume":"125","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Rev"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-3373(99)00125-3","article-title":"Deactivation of zeolite catalysts used for NOx removal","volume":"25","author":"Van Kooten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ.\nEnergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310150876600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4271\/2014-01-1500","article-title":"Effect of accelerated aging rate on the capture of\nfuel-borne metal impurities by emissions control devices","volume":"7","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124250","article-title":"Effects of alkali and alkaline earth\nmetals on Cu-SSZ-39 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction\nof NOx with NH3","volume":"388","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2018.03.063","article-title":"CaSO4 deactivated V2O5-WO3\/TiO2 SCR catalyst for a diesel power plant. Characterization and\nsimulation of the kinetics of the SCR reactions","volume":"234","author":"Odenbrand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114463","article-title":"Tolerance of Cu-SSZ-13\ncatalysts to potassium sulfate:\nStrong Br\u00f8nsted acid sites and copper species","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2007.04.021","article-title":"Chemical deactivation of V2O5\/WO3\u2013TiO2 SCR catalysts by additives\nand impurities from fuels, lubrication oils, and urea solution I.\nCatalytic studies","volume":"77","author":"Kro\u0308cher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2020.02.018","article-title":"Effect\nof biofuel- and lube oil-originated sulfur and phosphorus on the performance\nof Cu-SSZ-13 and V2O5-WO3\/TiO2 SCR catalysts","volume":"360","author":"Dahlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.09.181","article-title":"Steam and\nalkali resistant Cu-SSZ-13\ncatalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx in diesel exhaust","volume":"334","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123080","article-title":"Potassium\ndeactivation of Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst for NH3-SCR:\nEvolution of salts, zeolite and copper species","volume":"383","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2025.126339","article-title":"Unraveling the dual role of potassium over Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts in\nmodulating phosphorus-durable NOx reduction","volume":"385","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"issue":"25","key":"2026101310150876600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9662","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.3c01262","article-title":"Study on effect and\nmechanism of\nalkaline earth metal poisoning on Cu\/SSZ-13 catalysts for selective\ncatalytic reduction of NOx with NH3","volume":"62","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2019.08.028","article-title":"Revisiting effects\nof alkali metal and alkaline earth co-cation additives\nto Cu\/SSZ-13 selective catalytic reduction catalysts","volume":"378","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Catal"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1107\/S2052252514020181","article-title":"Location of Cu2+ in CHA\nzeolite investigated by X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld\/maximum\nentropy method","volume":"1","author":"Andersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"IUCrJ"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10367","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201703808","article-title":"Redox-driven migration\nof copper ions in the Cu-CHA\nzeolite as shown by the in situ PXRD\/XANES technique","volume":"56","author":"Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2015.08.004","article-title":"Effects of Si\/Al ratio on Cu\/SSZ-13\nNH3-SCR catalysts: Implications for the active Cu species\nand the roles of Br\u00f8nsted acidity","volume":"331","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Catal"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6743","DOI":"10.1021\/jp000147c","article-title":"Changes in structural\nand electronic properties of the zeolite framework induced by extraframework\nAl and La in H-USY and La(x)NaY: A 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR and 27Al MQ MAS NMR study","volume":"104","author":"Van Bokhoven","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit24","volume-title":"High-resolution\nsolid-state NMR of silicates and zeolites","author":"Engelhardt","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9202","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.1c02799","article-title":"Mechanism of zeolite\nhydrolysis under basic conditions","volume":"33","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Mater"},{"issue":"39","key":"2026101310150876600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4758","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc31184d","article-title":"Two different cationic\npositions in Cu-SSZ-13?","volume":"48","author":"Kwak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Commun"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-025-01389-4","article-title":"Tailoring the active sites in Cu-SSZ-13\nas a catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NH3 to minimize HCHO and HCN emissions","volume":"8","author":"Barth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Catal"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.3c07998","article-title":"Interpretation of H2-TPR\nfrom Cu-CHA using first-principles calculations","volume":"128","author":"Bjerregaard","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310150876600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38309-8","article-title":"Interplay between copper redox and\ntransfer and support acidity and topology in low temperature NH3-SCR","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6137","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b00759","article-title":"Using transient\nFTIR spectroscopy\nto probe active sites and reaction intermediates for selective catalytic\nreduction of NO on Cu\/SSZ-13 catalysts","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS\nCatal"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5646","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c00440","article-title":"A complete multisite reaction mechanism for low-temperature\nNH3-SCR over Cu-CHA","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Catal"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21975","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.1c06651","article-title":"Mechanism of NH3\u2013selective catalytic\nreduction (SCR) of NO\/NO2 (fast SCR) over Cu-CHA zeolites\nstudied by in situ\/operando infrared spectroscopy and density functional\ntheory","volume":"125","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12741","DOI":"10.1039\/c3dt50732g","article-title":"Characterization of\nCu-exchanged SSZ-13: a comparative FTIR, UV-Vis, and EPR study with\nCu-ZSM-5 and Cu-\u03b2 with similar Si\/Al and Cu\/Al ratios","volume":"42","author":"Giordanino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dalton Trans"},{"key":"2026101310150876600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4935","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b01128","article-title":"Selective catalytic\nreduction over Cu\/SSZ-13: Linking homo- and heterogeneous catalysis","volume":"139","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c07432","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/40\/28577\/68004948\/acs.est.6c07432.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/40\/28577\/68004948\/acs.est.6c07432.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:44:17Z","timestamp":1791909857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/40\/28577\/5385901\/Aerosol-Assisted-Metal-Poisoning-of-Cu-SSZ-13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c07432","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}}}