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However, the contribution of different soil aggregate size fractions to colloidal Cd mobilization remains poorly understood, which hinders the development of targeted remediation strategies. Using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation and 111Cd isotope tracing, this study demonstrated that 83\u201389% of colloidal Cd released during FTCs was bound to 100 nm\u20131 \u03bcm organo\u2013clinochlore composite colloids, with 64.1%, 33.2%, and 2.7% of this Cd fraction originating from macroaggregates, microaggregates, and the fine fraction, respectively. Microcomputed tomography showed that macroaggregates contained more abundant and larger pores and pore throats, with pore-throat numbers 6.8 and 41.5 times higher than those in microaggregates and the fine fraction, respectively. Such porous structures enable freezable water inside macroaggregates to freeze readily during FTCs, whereas fine fractions mainly store bound water with depressed freezing points that barely freeze. This stark discrepancy renders macroaggregates susceptible to FTC-induced disruption and further amplifies colloidal Cd release. These findings highlight that limiting colloidal Cd release from macroaggregates is critical for reducing Cd environmental risk and stabilizing Cd in cold-region soils, particularly during the FTC period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c08003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:08:38Z","timestamp":1784729318000},"page":"24897-24908","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Soil\nFreeze\u2013Thaw-Induced\nAggregate Structural\nTransformation Promotes Colloidal Cd Mobilization from Macroaggregates"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7812-955X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8392-7420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kengbo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7663-522X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bofang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3374-1372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanjun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2939-6665","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miaoyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9469-5274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rong-Liang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]},{"name":"South China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510642"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0803-4240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ye-Tao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6744","key":"2026090809065377300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr5214","article-title":"Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture\nand human health","volume":"388","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090809065377300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(20)60015-7","article-title":"Transport of cadmium\nfrom soil to\ngrain in cereal crops: A review","volume":"31","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"2026090809065377300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116935","article-title":"Effects of freeze-thaw\nleaching on physicochemical properties and cadmium transformation\nin cadmium contaminated soil","volume":"284","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. 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