{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:17:31Z","timestamp":1789748251761,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014219","name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52425005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52425005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52370189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52370189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52595722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52595722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rapid expansion of urban wastewater treatment has rendered the sustainable management of sludge a global environmental challenge. Gasification technology is emerging as a promising treatment pathway due to its high conversion efficiency and resource recovery potential. However, this process oxidizes the sulfur in the sludge into SO2, introducing an inherent conflict between its energy-saving and emission-reduction objectives. To resolve this dilemma, this study proposes a three-tier data-model-decision framework. First, by integrating material and energy flow analysis (MEFA) with reaction mechanisms, multisource process signals are mapped into the energy recovery efficiency and SO2 emission intensity per unit of sludge. Second, we develop a mechanism-informed feature engineering method and comprehensively compare multiple algorithms to select the optimal surrogate model for process optimization. Finally, jointly considering operational importance and feasibility, this process is systematically optimized under varying emission scenarios using DE, PSO, and NSGA-II algorithms to achieve coordinated emission reduction and energy saving. The results demonstrate that, despite the intrinsic tension between the two objectives, the proposed method can improve energy recovery efficiency by 45.28%\u201365.34% without additional treatment costs. In particular, the mechanism-informed feature engineering substantially enhances model performance. By bridging data science and industrial ecology, this work systematically identifies the operational bottlenecks and optimization potential of the sludge gasification process, providing actionable decision support for different environmental goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c08067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T21:01:37Z","timestamp":1786136497000},"page":"22665-22679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From Data to Decision:\nA Closed-Loop Framework for\nCo-Optimizing Energy Recovery and SO2 Control in Sludge\nGasification"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Lab for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Lab for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2794-9091","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Lab for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimi","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100875"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlei","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Lab for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Lab for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Lab for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Lab for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Lab for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Lab for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139989","article-title":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl\nSubstances in Sewage Sludge: A Global Synthesis of Persistence Mechanisms,\nAnalytical Complexities, and Sustainable Remediation Strategies","volume":"498","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115912","article-title":"Critical Review\non Dewatering of Sewage Sludge: Influential\nMechanism, Conditioning Technologies and Implications to Sludge Re-Utilizations","volume":"180","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081810414604000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestengg.3c00149","article-title":"Worldwide Research Progress and Trend in Sludge Treatment\nand Disposal: A Bibliometric Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS EST\nEng."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810414604000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestengg.1c00345","article-title":"Emerging Trends and Prospects for Municipal Wastewater\nManagement in China","volume":"2","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS EST Eng."},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113284","article-title":"The GHG\nMitigation Opportunity of Sludge Management in China","volume":"212","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081810414604000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-025-00834-x","article-title":"Turning Sewage Sludge\ninto Valuable Catalysts through Atomic-Level\nCircularity","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810414604000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2166\/bgs.2021.115","article-title":"Sludge Treatment and Resource Recovery\ntowards Carbon Neutrality in China: Current Status and Future Perspective","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blue-Green Systems"},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2025.107137","article-title":"Advancements in Sludge Pyrolysis:\nIntegrated Resource Recovery and Process-Derived Pollutant Mitigation","volume":"190","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810414604000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.109692","article-title":"A Review on Resource\nUtilization of Oil Sludge Based on Pyrolysis and Gasification","volume":"11","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081810414604000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01455","article-title":"Dilemma of Sewage Sludge Treatment and Disposal in\nChina","volume":"49","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.240","article-title":"A Review on\nWastewater Sludge Valorisation\nand Its Challenges in the Context of Circular Economy","volume":"228","author":"Gherghel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081810414604000_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-024-01423-6","article-title":"Pathways to Advanced Resource Recovery\nfrom Sewage","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain"},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134657","article-title":"A Review\non Turning Sewage Sludge to Value-Added Energy and Materials via Thermochemical\nConversion towards Carbon Neutrality","volume":"379","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cleaner\nProd."},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126456","article-title":"Municipal\nSewage Sludge Incineration and Its Air Pollution Control","volume":"295","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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Int."},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117665","article-title":"Post-Treatment\nOptions\nfor Anaerobically Digested Sludge: Current Status and Future Prospect","volume":"205","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026081810414604000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16515","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c05544","article-title":"Effect of Interstage\nHydrothermal Treatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge: Speciation\nEvolution of Phosphorus, Iron, and Sulfur","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS\nSustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.04.048","article-title":"Influence of Pyrolysis\nTemperature\non Characteristics and Heavy Metal Adsorptive Performance of Biochar\nDerived from Municipal Sewage Sludge","volume":"164","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.08.050","article-title":"Influence of Pyrolysis\nTemperature on Properties and\nEnvironmental Safety of Heavy Metals in Biochars Derived from Municipal\nSewage Sludge","volume":"320","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.159151","article-title":"Advancements in\nBiomass Waste Conversion to Sustainable Biofuels via Gasification","volume":"505","author":"Joshua Abioye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810414604000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c06157","article-title":"Data-Driven Machine\nLearning in Environmental Pollution: Gains and Problems","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810414604000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2023.113318","article-title":"A Data-Driven Energy Performance\nGap Prediction Model Using Machine Learning","volume":"181","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. 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