{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:12:43Z","timestamp":1788437563834,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026NSFSCZY0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026NSFSCZY0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42430507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42430507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42471151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42471151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Global warming leads to cryosphere degradation, transferring large amounts of terrestrial carbon and nitrogen to reservoirs, which may accelerate the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere. However, the spatial dynamics and decadal trends of GHG emissions from these reservoirs remain elusive. Here we compile a comprehensive data set of CO2 (1108 measurements), CH4 (661) and N2O (313) concentrations to estimate that cryosphere-influenced reservoirs emit 56.7 \u00b1 9.3 Tg CO2 eq yr\u20131 of GHGs. Cryosphere-influenced reservoirs account for less than 10% of the global reservoir area, yet they contribute disproportionately high levels of CO2 and N2O emissions. Between 2000 and 2020, total emissions from cryosphere-influenced reservoirs increased significantly by 0.31 \u00b1 0.11 Tg CO2 eq yr\u20131, which were mainly caused by climate warming and resultant cryosphere melt and thaw. This study highlights that, in contrast to the declining GHG emission trends observed in other reservoirs worldwide with little cryosphere impacts, emissions from cryosphere-influenced reservoirs are on the rise. This represents a growing and critically underappreciated source of anthropogenic GHGs under climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c08337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:04:17Z","timestamp":1787043857000},"page":"24101-24112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent Increase\nof Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cryosphere-Influenced\nReservoirs under Climate Change"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6017-5229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongqiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3627-2350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chunlin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengyu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus , , , ,","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China, 611130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-2816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200241"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200241"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xincong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610106"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100875"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus , , , ,","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China, 611130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus , , , ,","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China, 611130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus , , , ,","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China, 611130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus , , , ,","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China, 611130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umea\u030a University , , Linnaeus va\u0308g 6 , ,","place":["Umea\u030a, Sweden, 901 87"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2331","article-title":"Storage and release of organic carbon from glaciers\nand ice sheets","volume":"8","author":"Hood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14338","article-title":"Climate\nchange and the permafrost carbon feedback","volume":"520","author":"Schuur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-022-00498-3","article-title":"The arctic\nhas warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979","volume":"3","author":"Rantanen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2021.103625","article-title":"Warming amplification\nover the arctic pole and third pole: trends, mechanisms and consequences","volume":"217","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307145856900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-024-01441-1","article-title":"Steady threefold\narctic amplification\nof externally forced warming masked by natural variability","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090307145856900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L15704","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL051958","article-title":"Field information\nlinks permafrost carbon to physical\nvulnerabilities of thawing","volume":"39","author":"Harden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307145856900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz5236","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity and environmental predictors of permafrost\nregion soil organic carbon stocks","volume":"7","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-012220-011847","article-title":"Permafrost and climate\nchange: carbon cycle feedbacks\nfrom the warming arctic","volume":"47","author":"Schuur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Environ.\nResour."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090307145856900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7129","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-12-7129-2015","article-title":"Reviews and syntheses:\neffects of permafrost thaw on arctic aquatic ecosystems","volume":"12","author":"Vonk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58716-3","article-title":"Recent intensified riverine CO2 emission across the northern hemisphere permafrost region","volume":"16","author":"Mu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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Cycles"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307145856900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GB002457","article-title":"Carbon dioxide and methane emissions\nand the carbon\nbudget of a 10-year old tropical reservoir (Petit Saut, French Guiana)","volume":"19","author":"Abril","year":"2005","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307145856900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1211","article-title":"Carbon emission from\nhydroelectric reservoirs linked to reservoir age and latitude","volume":"4","author":"Barros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307145856900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-022-01004-2","article-title":"Reservoir CO2 and CH4 emissions and their climate impact over\nthe period 1900\u20132060","volume":"15","author":"Soued","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15347","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15347","article-title":"Global perturbation\nof organic carbon cycling by river damming","volume":"8","author":"Maavara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2019.04.023","article-title":"Northern hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling for 2000\u20132016\nat 1 km2 scale","volume":"193","author":"Obu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"221","key":"2026090307145856900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3189\/2014JoG13J176","article-title":"The Randolph\nglacier inventory: a globally complete\ninventory of glaciers","volume":"60","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"issue":"7979","key":"2026090307145856900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06344-6","article-title":"Global methane emissions from rivers\nand streams","volume":"621","author":"Rocher-Ros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090307145856900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106322119","article-title":"The importance\nof hydrology in routing terrestrial carbon to the atmosphere via global\nstreams and rivers","volume":"119","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.\nS. A."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10901","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-10901-2023","article-title":"Compilation\nof Henry\u2019s Law constants (version 5.0.0) for water as solvent","volume":"23","author":"Sander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"C10","key":"2026090307145856900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10767","DOI":"10.1029\/JC092iC10p10767","article-title":"Measurement of the diffusion coefficients\nof sparingly soluble gases in water","volume":"92","author":"Jahne","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Geophys.\nRes."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4738-2_5","article-title":"Air-sea gas exchange\nrates: introduction and synthesis","volume-title":"The\nRole of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling","author":"Liss","year":"1986"},{"issue":"C5","key":"2026090307145856900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7373","DOI":"10.1029\/92JC00188","article-title":"Relationship\nbetween wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean revisited","volume":"97","author":"Wanninkhof","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307145856900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1998.43.4.0647","article-title":"Atmospheric exchange of carbon dioxide in a low-wind\noligotrophic lake measured by the addition of SF6","volume":"43","author":"Cole","year":"1998","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090307145856900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.3.1010","article-title":"Gas transfer velocities measured\nat low wind speed\nover a lake","volume":"48","author":"Crusius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307145856900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2010.55.4.1723","article-title":"The relationship\nbetween near-surface\nturbulence and gas transfer velocity in freshwater systems and its\nimplications for floating chamber measurements of gas exchange","volume":"55","author":"Vachon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090307145856900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-16-869-2023","article-title":"AttentionFire_v1.0: Interpretable\nmachine learning\nfire model for burned-area predictions over tropics","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090307145856900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax1396","article-title":"Increased atmospheric vapor pressure\ndeficit reduces global vegetation growth","volume":"5","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci.\nAdv."},{"issue":"6345","key":"2026090307145856900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4108","article-title":"A human-driven decline in global burned area","volume":"356","author":"Andela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307145856900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2313","article-title":"Recent trends in African fires driven by cropland expansion\nand El Nin\u0303o to La Nin\u0303a Transition","volume":"4","author":"Andela","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. 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Commun."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biw117","article-title":"Greenhouse gas emissions\nfrom reservoir water surfaces:\na new global synthesis","volume":"66","author":"Deemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307145856900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45061-0","article-title":"Increased nitrous oxide emissions from global lakes and reservoirs\nsince the pre-industrial era","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307145856900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00715-2","article-title":"Half of global methane\nemissions come from highly variable\naquatic ecosystem sources","volume":"14","author":"Rosentreter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116319","article-title":"Spatial and\ntemporal variability of methane emissions from cascading reservoirs\nin the upper Mekong River","volume":"186","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307145856900_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-18-1333-2021","article-title":"Changing sources and processes sustaining\nsurface CO2 and CH4 fluxes along a tropical\nriver to reservoir\nSystem","volume":"18","author":"Soued","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"2026090307145856900_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JG002941","article-title":"Controls on nitrous\noxide production\nand consumption in reservoirs of the Ohio River Basin","volume":"120","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307145856900_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1980.25.4.0662","article-title":"The concentration and isotopic fractionation\nof gases dissolved in freshwater in equilibrium with the atmosphere.\n1. Oxygen","volume":"25","author":"Benson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090307145856900_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JG007185","article-title":"The effects of water column dissolved\noxygen concentrations on lake methane emissions\u2500results from\na Whole-Lake oxygenation experiment","volume":"128","author":"Pajala","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Geophys.\nRes. 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