{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:43:50Z","timestamp":1793108630634,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFA0806600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA0806600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3400700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3400700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2042025YXB010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2042025YXB010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72404211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72404211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan","award":["2025040601020198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025040601020198"]}]},{"name":"NHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development","award":["TS2025Z02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TS2025Z02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early pregnancy exposure to environmental contaminants is a known risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), yet the metabolic pathways linking specific chemical categories to disease pathogenesis remain largely unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a meet-in-the-middle mediation analysis within a prospective birth cohort, leveraging a nested case\u2013control study (116 GDM cases, 232 controls) with 182 contaminants across 11 chemical categories and 702 metabolites measured in early pregnancy serum samples. Seven individual contaminants showed significant associations with GDM risk, with BHT-COOH exhibiting the strongest effect (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.59\u20133.45). Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression indicated a positive mixture association with GDM, with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) providing a complementary assessment of mixture effects. Notably, we identified 506 exposure\u2013metabolite pairs with significant mediation and consistent directionality, providing a comprehensive profile of candidate metabolic intermediates in the associations between contaminant exposure and GDM. Pathway-level analysis identified six candidate metabolic pathways with significant mediation effects, among which the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway showed the largest mediation estimate, accounting for 75.5% of the DEHP\/DNOP\u2013GDM association. Similar pathway-level mediation effects were observed for both individual contaminants and the mixture exposure index. Collectively, these findings identify potential metabolic intermediates linking early pregnancy contaminant exposure to GDM and provide hypotheses for further epidemiological and experimental validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c08687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:01:40Z","timestamp":1791802900000},"page":"29926-29942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of\nEarly Pregnancy Contaminant Exposure\nwith Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Mediation by Metabolic Pathway\nPerturbations"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Tian-Zhou","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Hua","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]},{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze-Gang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430060"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention & NHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neng-Bin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Fan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hao","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lishiyao","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430060"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5223-4659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bi-Feng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430071"]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention & NHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430079"]},{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026102708465665400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac003","article-title":"A Clinical Update\non Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"43","author":"Sweeting","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"10448","key":"2026102708465665400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00825-0","article-title":"Epidemiology\nand management of gestational diabetes","volume":"404","author":"Sweeting","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Estimation of Global and Regional Gestational\nDiabetes Mellitus Prevalence for 2021 by International Association\nof Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group\u2019s Criteria","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465665400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8","article-title":"Gestational diabetes\nmellitus","volume":"5","author":"McIntyre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis.\nPrimers"},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067946","article-title":"Gestational\ndiabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review\nand meta-analysis","volume":"377","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1361","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1361","article-title":"Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known\nhistory of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"369","author":"Vounzoulaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026102708465665400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.11628","article-title":"Association\nof Gestational Diabetes With Maternal Disorders of Glucose Metabolism\nand Childhood Adiposity","volume":"320","author":"Lowe","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026102708465665400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3979-3","article-title":"Risk factors\nfor gestational diabetes:\nis prevention possible?","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2025-114065","article-title":"Evaluating the\nperformance of maternal risk factors in predicting gestational diabetes\nmellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Ayele","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ. Evid. Based Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465665400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00858-8","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and\nthe risk of gestational diabetes\nmellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.01.040","article-title":"Exposure to\norganophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances,\nand polychlorinated biphenyls in pregnancy and the association with\nimpaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus: The\nMIREC Study","volume":"147","author":"Shapiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026102708465665400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2024.100612","article-title":"Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102708465665400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2026.2668651","article-title":"DEHP disrupts lipid metabolism via\nautophagy hyperactivation and mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enceco.2026.04.005","article-title":"Association\nof mixed\nenvironmental pollutant exposure with metabolic syndrome in the Chinese\nsquare dancer population","volume":"8","author":"Gu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026102708465665400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.110957","article-title":"Persistent organic\npollutant perfluorooctanoic acid induces alterations in epigenetic\nmodifications of DNA and RNA","volume":"36","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102708465665400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30129-7","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting\nchemicals: implications for human health","volume":"8","author":"Kahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet\nDiabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.140890","article-title":"Associations of prenatal\nper- and polyfluoroalkyl substances\nexposure with glucose homeostasis and gestational diabetes mellitus:\nA systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"501","author":"Quan","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.12.021","article-title":"Maternal urinary\nphthalate metabolites in relation to gestational diabetes and glucose\nintolerance during pregnancy","volume":"123","author":"Shaffer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026102708465665400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17532","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c04180","article-title":"Identification of\nPrimary Organophosphate Esters Contributing to Enhanced Risk of Gestational\nDiabetes Mellitus Based on a Case-Control Study","volume":"58","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026102708465665400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113342","article-title":"The Pathophysiology\nof Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"19","author":"Plows","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol.\nSci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465665400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02746-0","article-title":"Metabolic pathways\nmediating insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus discovered\nby high-dimensional systematic Mendelian randomization","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106941","article-title":"A review of\nenvironmental metabolism disrupting chemicals and effect biomarkers\nassociating disease risks: Where exposomics meets metabolomics","volume":"158","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026102708465665400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.109627","article-title":"Metabolome profiling\nby widely-targeted metabolomics and biomarker panel selection using\nmachine-learning for patients in different stages of chronic kidney\ndisease","volume":"35","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"6476","key":"2026102708465665400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay3164","article-title":"The exposome and\nhealth: Where chemistry meets biology","volume":"367","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136970","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis\nof transplacental transfer of environmental pollutants detected in\npaired maternal and cord serums","volume":"486","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026102708465665400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3590","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05592","article-title":"Systematic\nError Removal Using Random\nForest for Normalizing Large-Scale Untargeted Lipidomics Data","volume":"91","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465665400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"osaf010","DOI":"10.1093\/exposome\/osaf010","article-title":"A statistical\nworkflow for analyzing the untargeted chemical exposome and metabolome\nin epidemiologic studies using high-dimensional mixture methods","volume":"5","author":"Young","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exposome"},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124433","article-title":"Comparison\nof environmental mixture methods for estimating\nthe joint effects of environmental mixtures","volume":"300","author":"Qian","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465665400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57253-3","article-title":"Associations of prenatal metal exposure\nwith child neurodevelopment and mediation by perturbation of metabolic\npathways","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026102708465665400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10905","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c02071","article-title":"Unraveling the Molecular Links between\nFine Particulate Matter Exposure and Early Birth Risks in African\nAmerican Mothers: A Metabolomics Study in the Atlanta African American\nMaternal-Child Cohort","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465665400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19335-2","article-title":"Application of an analytical framework\nfor multivariate mediation analysis of environmental data","volume":"11","author":"Aung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026102708465665400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13624","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c00453","article-title":"Prenatal Exposure\nof PFAS in Cohorts of Pregnant Women: Identifying the Critical Windows\nof Vulnerability and Health Implications","volume":"58","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"42","key":"2026102708465665400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15869","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05106","article-title":"Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances and Bile Acid Profiles in Pregnant\nWomen","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026102708465665400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.12040","article-title":"Prenatal Exposure\nto Chemical Mixtures and Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Children","volume":"7","author":"Gu\u0308il-Oumrait","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026102708465665400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13959","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04709","article-title":"Prevalence, Biotransformation, and\nMaternal Transfer of Synthetic\nPhenolic Antioxidants in Pregnant Women from South China","volume":"53","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026102708465665400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8507","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c01141","article-title":"Prenatal Exposure to Emerging Plasticizers\nand Synthetic Antioxidants and Their Potency to Cross Human Placenta","volume":"56","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026102708465665400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6626","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00838","article-title":"Distribution of Phthalate Metabolites between Paired Maternal-Fetal\nSamples","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026102708465665400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17018","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c03732","article-title":"Prenatal Exposure\nof Organophosphate\nEsters and Its Trimester-Specific and Gender-Specific Effects on Fetal\nGrowth","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026102708465665400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.8b00223","article-title":"Synthetic Phenolic\nAntioxidants and Transformation\nProducts in Human Sera from United States Donors","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026102708465665400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13408","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04492","article-title":"Target Exposome\nfor Characterizing Early Gestational Exposure to Contaminants of Emerging\nConcern and Association with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"57","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026102708465665400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8675","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c00195","article-title":"Novel Synthetic\nAntioxidants in House Dust from Multiple Locations in the Asia-Pacific\nRegion and the United States","volume":"55","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.09.009","article-title":"Pregnancy urinary\nphthalate metabolite concentrations and gestational diabetes risk\nfactors","volume":"96","author":"James-Todd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118405","article-title":"Association of non-phthalate plasticizer\nexposure during early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus:\nThe potential mediation effect of plasma lipidome","volume":"299","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.140353","article-title":"The effects\nof organophosphate ester exposure on metabolic syndrome: A systematic\nreview and meta-analysis of human observational studies","volume":"500","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026102708465665400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8983","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c14462","article-title":"Gestational\nExposure to Tri-n-butyl Phosphate Induces Maternal Insulin\nResistance and Glucose Intolerance by Antagonizing Estrogen Receptor\nAlpha","volume":"60","author":"Deng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.04.028","article-title":"Quantitative identification\nof and exposure to synthetic\nphenolic antioxidants, including butylated hydroxytoluene, in urine","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"41","key":"2026102708465665400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18076","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c03006","article-title":"Metabolomic\nAlterations Associated\nwith Phthalate Exposures among Pregnant Women in Puerto Rico","volume":"58","author":"Siwakoti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102708465665400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57273-z","article-title":"Impact of prenatal phthalate exposure\non newborn metabolome and infant neurodevelopment","volume":"16","author":"Hoffman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026102708465665400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4380-6","article-title":"Metabolic\nprofiling of gestational diabetes in obese women during pregnancy","volume":"60","author":"White","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026102708465665400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06237-x","article-title":"Analysis of early-pregnancy\nmetabolome in early- and\nlate-onset gestational diabetes reveals distinct associations with\nmaternal overweight","volume":"67","author":"Masalin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026102708465665400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05001-w","article-title":"Circulating\nmetabolites and the risk of type 2 diabetes:\na prospective study of 11,896 young adults from four Finnish cohorts","volume":"62","author":"Ahola-Olli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102708465665400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04105-8","article-title":"Circulating\nmetabolites, genetics and lifestyle factors in relation to future\nrisk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2026.110172","article-title":"Nontargeted\nscreening identifies\nmixtures of environmental pollutants that are associated with perturbations\nto amino acid and fatty acid metabolic pathways during early pregnancy","volume":"209","author":"Pedersen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.155117","article-title":"Insulin regulates\narginine-stimulated\ninsulin secretion in humans","volume":"128","author":"Halperin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmag001","article-title":"The placental tryptophan pathway\nacross gestation: implications for\npregnancy outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Karahoda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026102708465665400_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324053","article-title":"Host and gut microbial tryptophan metabolism and type\n2 diabetes: an integrative analysis of host genetics, diet, gut microbiome\nand circulating metabolites in cohort studies","volume":"71","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026102708465665400_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002910","article-title":"Plasma phospholipid\nn-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to cardiometabolic\nmarkers and gestational diabetes: A longitudinal study within the\nprospective NICHD Fetal Growth Studies","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS\nMed."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026102708465665400_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab242","article-title":"Plasma lipidomics in\nearly pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective\nnested case\u2013control study in Chinese women","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102708465665400_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci148176","article-title":"Remodeling\nglycerophospholipids affects obesity-related insulin signaling in\nskeletal muscle","volume":"131","author":"Wolfgang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106082","article-title":"Biomarkers, matrices and analytical methods targeting\nhuman exposure to chemicals selected for a European human biomonitoring\ninitiative","volume":"146","author":"Vorkamp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026102708465665400_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.109117","article-title":"Per- and\npolyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Trends in mass spectrometric analysis\nfor human biomonitoring and exposure patterns from recent global cohort\nstudies","volume":"194","author":"Kee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c08687","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/42\/29926\/68818342\/acs.est.6c08687.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/42\/29926\/68818342\/acs.est.6c08687.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:23:14Z","timestamp":1793107394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/42\/29926\/5448908\/Associations-of-Early-Pregnancy-Contaminant"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c08687","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]}}}