{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:06:40Z","timestamp":1788876400455,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42277057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42277057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is highly resistant to degradation due to the extremely high bond energy of its C\u2013F bonds. Current remediation approaches lead to incomplete defluorination and generally rely on external energy input, which limits their applicability for groundwater remediation. Here, we develop a novel emulsified vegetable oil (EVO)-Fe(II)\/O2 system that achieves near-complete defluorination of PFOA (&amp;gt;99%) under dark conditions without external oxidants. Mechanistic investigations reveal that EVO droplets create droplet-associated interfaces that confine PFOA and reactive species and catalyze a distinct radical cascade, modulating the conversion of superoxide radicals (O2\u2022\u2013) into singlet oxygen (1O2) and subsequently carbon-centered radicals (CCR\u2022). This sequence unlocks a novel defluorination pathway dominated by CCR\u2022 and 1O2. Furthermore, this reactivity is sustained by the structural evolution of EVO from linear degradation to cross-linked aromatic polymerization, which continuously replenishes redox-active functional groups. These findings establish a theoretical framework for low-energy, sustainable PFOA deep defluorination in groundwater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c08698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:53:59Z","timestamp":1788112439000},"page":"24752-24763","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emulsified Vegetable\nOil Droplet Interfaces Sustain\nPFOA Defluorination in Groundwater through Carbon-Centered Radicals"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-5036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyang","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8426-9810","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]},{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090809073478800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.168618","article-title":"Biotransformation\nof per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in organisms","volume":"524","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090809073478800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11433","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c04663","article-title":"Rethinking the Carcinogenic Classification of Perfluorooctanoic Acid\n(PFOA)","volume":"59","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"35","key":"2026090809073478800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19068","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c07029","article-title":"Breaking\nthe Forever Bonds: Interface-Enhanced Superoxide Chemistry for Efficient\nPFOA Degradation","volume":"59","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"39","key":"2026090809073478800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20910","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c07242","article-title":"Activating\nPFAS to Unlock Efficient Defluorination","volume":"59","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"5_Supplement","key":"2026090809073478800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A354","DOI":"10.1063\/4.0001143","article-title":"Metal-Organic\nFrameworks (MOFs) Based Heterojunction for the Photocatalytic Degradation\nof PFAS","volume":"12","author":"Narayanan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Structural Dynamics"},{"key":"2026090809073478800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139586","article-title":"Fabrication\nof nZVI\/rGO via an innovative thermal co-reduction method for enhanced\nPFAS removal through sequential adsorption and photocatalytic degradation","volume":"497","author":"Regmi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"2026090809073478800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138969","article-title":"Water-based matrices\nthermal treatment for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS):\nA critical review on transformation mechanisms, role of radicals,\nand perspective towards","volume":"495","author":"Prasetya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous\nMaterials"},{"key":"2026090809073478800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131212","article-title":"Microbial\nand thermal treatment techniques\nfor degradation of PFAS in biosolids: A focus on degradation mechanisms\nand pathways","volume":"452","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"2026090809073478800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.137043","article-title":"Electrochemical\ndestruction of PFAS at low oxidation potential enabled by CeO2 electrodes utilizing adsorption and activation strategies","volume":"486","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"2026090809073478800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118148","article-title":"Electrochemical degradation of per-\nand polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances (PFAS) using low-cost graphene sponge electrodes","volume":"213","author":"Duinslaeger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026090809073478800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.125284","article-title":"Ferrate-assisted nonthermal plasma for\nefficient PFOA degradation in landfill leachate: Mitigating bulk organic\ninterference and enhancing application potential","volume":"291","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026090809073478800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160334","article-title":"Highly\nefficient removal of perfluorooctanoic acid using synergy of cold\nPlasma, Sulfate Radicals, and Boron-Doped Graphene-Like Carbon: Insights\ninto synergistic effects and degradation mechanism","volume":"507","author":"Vanlalhmingmawia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"2026090809073478800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123401","article-title":"Sustained hydrated\nelectron production for enhanced reductive defluorination\nof PFAS in groundwater","volume":"279","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090809073478800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c08453","article-title":"Efficient Decomposition of Perfluoroalkyl\nSubstances by Low Concentration\nIndole: New Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. 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