{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:06:28Z","timestamp":1790690788874,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22136006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22136006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22193051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22193051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22506059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22506059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3905300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3905300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017589","name":"Hubei University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2020033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2020033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019069","name":"Chinese Academy of Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HB2025B19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HB2025B19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants with immunotoxicity as a primary health concern. Their in vivo fate has long been interpreted within a blood-centric toxicokinetic framework, whereas the lymphatic system, a key immune surveillance hub, has been overlooked as an exposure compartment. Given their structural similarity to long-chain fatty acids, PFAS may be absorbed via intestinal lymphatics, directly exposing resident immune cells, a hypothesis never experimentally verified. Here, using rat models with mesenteric lymph duct and jugular vein cannulation, and in vitro assays, we systematically characterized PFAS lymphatic absorption, distribution, and immunotoxicological relevance. We provide direct evidence that PFAS enter mesenteric lymph, with concentrations reaching 27\u2013116% of serum levels within 10 h. Intestinal lymphatic absorption and subsequent return to the bloodstream significantly prolonged PFAS half-lives and altered their exposure profiles. Circulating PFAS redistributed into the lymphatic network via interstitial fluid and selectively accumulated in lymph nodes. In vitro, environmentally relevant PFAS concentrations (ng\/mL) significantly impaired monocyte differentiation and function, highlighting immunotoxic significance of lymphatic exposure. This study establishes the lymphatic system as a long-neglected, essential compartment in PFAS toxicokinetics, underscoring the need to incorporate lymphatic exposure into health risk assessments of PFAS and other persistent pollutants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c08726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:59:06Z","timestamp":1788263946000},"page":"27035-27047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl\nSubstances Can Induce Immunotoxicity\nvia Direct Intestinal Lymphatic Absorption"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Yuning","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0552-823X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]},{"name":"China University of Geosciences , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8552-3334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bolei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2637-1929","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianbo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430078"]},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6115-4076","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yawei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2212-6694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6335-3917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guibin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6580","key":"2026092909074963800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg9065","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the\nenvironment","volume":"375","author":"Evich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909074963800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-025-00449-0","article-title":"Unravelling the structure-dependent defluorination mechanisms of\nper- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by hydrated electrons in UV\/sulfite","volume":"3","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Water"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909074963800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-024-01402-8","article-title":"Underestimated\nburden of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in global surface waters\nand groundwaters","volume":"17","author":"Ackerman Grunfeld","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092909074963800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-023-00168-4","article-title":"Late lessons\nfrom early warnings on PFAS","volume":"2","author":"Hansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Water"},{"issue":"6706","key":"2026092909074963800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado5019","article-title":"From \u201cforever chemicals\u201d to fluorine-free\nalternatives","volume":"385","author":"Ateia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8046","key":"2026092909074963800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08327-7","article-title":"Photocatalytic\nC\u2013F bond activation in small molecules and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances","volume":"637","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026092909074963800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.05.004","article-title":"Escalating global pollution\nof trifluoroacetic acid","volume":"69","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909074963800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47005","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5843","article-title":"Evaluation of developmental toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity,\nand tissue dose in zebrafish exposed to GenX and other PFAS","volume":"128","author":"Gaballah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026092909074963800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19274","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05023","article-title":"Differential\ndevelopmental neurotoxicity and tissue uptake of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstance alternatives, GenX and PFBS","volume":"57","author":"Wasel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909074963800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP10092","article-title":"Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and\nmarkers of liver injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Costello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026092909074963800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.127988","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances\nin the environment and human tissue: A critical review of distribution,\nexposure pathways, and health risks","volume":"397","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ.\nPollut."},{"issue":"51","key":"2026092909074963800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2408575121","article-title":"Increased perfluorooctanoic\nacid accumulation facilitates\nthe migration and invasion of lung cancer cells via remodeling cell\nmechanics","volume":"121","author":"Mei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909074963800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.01.003","article-title":"Novel strategies\nand\napproaches toward toxicity assessment: a key factor for safety assessment\nand management of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances","volume":"68","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026092909074963800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105018118","article-title":"How \u201cforever\nchemicals\u201d might impair the immune system","volume":"118","author":"Beans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909074963800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05109","article-title":"Altered transcriptome response in\nPBMCs of Czech adults linked to multiple PFAS exposure: B cell development\nas a target of PFAS immunotoxicity","volume":"58","author":"Rudzanova\u0301","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092909074963800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81304","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP12971","article-title":"Invited\nPerspective: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Impaired Antibody\nResponse to Vaccination\u2500Who Is Affected?","volume":"131","author":"Starling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909074963800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57172-3","article-title":"Associations\nof PFAS\nand OH-PCBs with risk of multiple sclerosis onset and disability worsening","volume":"16","author":"Vaivade","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909074963800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0097-y","article-title":"Exposure\nto per-fluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances leads to immunotoxicity: Epidemiological and toxicological\nevidence","volume":"29","author":"DeWitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026092909074963800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2011957118","article-title":"Inactivation of common airborne antigens by perfluoroalkyl chemicals\nmodulates early life allergic asthma","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc.\nNatl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909074963800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.04.029","article-title":"Modulation of dietary fat on the\ntoxicological effects in thymus and spleen in BALB\/c mice exposed\nto perfluorooctane sulfonate","volume":"204","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909074963800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tx50096a","article-title":"The mechanism of immunosuppression\nby perfluorooctanoic acid in BALB\/c mice","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol.\nRes."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092909074963800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03303-4","article-title":"Immunomodulation and\nexposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: An overview of the\ncurrent evidence from animal and human studies","volume":"96","author":"Antoniou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026092909074963800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124862","article-title":"Perfluorooctanoic acid\n(PFOA) exposure induces splenic atrophy via\noveractivation of macrophages in male mice","volume":"407","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092909074963800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3298","article-title":"HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic\nimmune cell trafficking in lymph nodes","volume":"12","author":"Girard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat.\nRev. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909074963800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0281-x","article-title":"Lymphatic endothelial cells of the lymph node","volume":"20","author":"Jalkanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909074963800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00681-y","article-title":"Lymphatic vessels\nin the age of cancer\nimmunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Karakousi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909074963800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022724-104908","article-title":"Transport\nand immune functions of\nthe lymphatic system","volume":"87","author":"Davis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909074963800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.79","article-title":"Intestinal lymphatic vasculature: Structure, mechanisms\nand functions","volume":"14","author":"Bernier-Latmani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909074963800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00996-z","article-title":"Transport functions\nof intestinal lymphatic vessels","volume":"22","author":"Tso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol.\nHepatol."},{"issue":"6500","key":"2026092909074963800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax4063","article-title":"Biological functions of lymphatic\nvessels","volume":"369","author":"Petrova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909074963800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90899.2008","article-title":"Intestinal lipid absorption","volume":"296","author":"Iqbal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909074963800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G645","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00299.2007","article-title":"Development and physiological\nregulation of intestinal\nlipid absorption. II. Dietary lipid absorption, complex lipid synthesis,\nand the intracellular packaging and secretion of chylomicrons","volume":"293","author":"Mansbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909074963800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00676-y","article-title":"Metabolism of triglyceride-rich\nlipoproteins in health and dyslipidaemia","volume":"19","author":"Bore\u0301n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat.\nRev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092909074963800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4608","article-title":"From sewer to\nsaviour-targeting the\nlymphatic system to promote drug exposure and activity","volume":"14","author":"Trevaskis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2026092909074963800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2021.102934","article-title":"Lymphatic transport system to circumvent\nhepatic metabolism for oral\ndelivery of lipid-based nanocarriers","volume":"66","author":"Rajput","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Drug\nDelivery Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026092909074963800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11293","DOI":"10.1021\/es4026722","article-title":"Structure-based investigation on\nthe interaction of perfluorinated compounds with human liver fatty\nacid binding protein","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026092909074963800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19611","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c02675","article-title":"Global Serum\nper- and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances exposures and their correlation with lipids: A systematic\nreview and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026092909074963800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11981","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c15707","article-title":"Applying thermal proteome profiling\nto per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Proteome-wide identification\nof molecular targets and early events","volume":"60","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909074963800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0090-8","article-title":"Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"20","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092909074963800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.12.022","article-title":"An Update on oral drug delivery via\nintestinal lymphatic transport","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm.\nSin. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909074963800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32486-8","article-title":"A lymphatic-absorbed\nmulti-targeted kinase inhibitor for myelofibrosis therapy","volume":"13","author":"Ross","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909074963800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56147-8","article-title":"Lymphatic platelet thrombosis\nlimits bone repair by precluding lymphatic\ntransporting DAMPs","volume":"16","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026092909074963800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19066","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c06038","article-title":"Tracing the bioaccessibility of per- and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances\nin fish during cooking treatment","volume":"71","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric.\nFood Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026092909074963800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12291","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01200","article-title":"Rapid characterization\nof human serum albumin binding for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances\nusing differential scanning fluorimetry","volume":"55","author":"Jackson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092909074963800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.11.004","article-title":"Intestinal lymph collection via cannulation\nof the mesenteric lymphatic duct in mice","volume":"260","author":"Banan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\nSurg. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909074963800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00148-X","article-title":"Animal\nmodels for the study of intestinal lymphatic drug transport","volume":"50","author":"Edwards","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery Rev."},{"key":"2026092909074963800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52389","DOI":"10.3791\/52389","article-title":"The mesenteric\nlymph duct cannulated rat model: application to the assessment of\nintestinal lymphatic drug transport","volume":"97","author":"Trevaskis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis.\nExp."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092909074963800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c07176","article-title":"Effect of enterohepatic circulation\non the accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Evidence\nfrom experimental and computational studies","volume":"56","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092909074963800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.05.019","article-title":"Intestinal\nlymphatic transport for drug delivery","volume":"63","author":"Ya\u0301n\u0303ez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv.\nDrug Delivery Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092909074963800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127012","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11969","article-title":"Exploring route-specific\npharmacokinetics of PFAS in mice by coupling in vivo tests and physiologically\nbased toxicokinetic models","volume":"131","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. 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