{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:42:02Z","timestamp":1792784522685,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22188102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22188102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22193050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22193050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22576226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22576226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0750300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0750300"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2023YFC3708302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3708302"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2024YFA0918801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA0918801"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20220818101618040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20220818101618040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a major environmental contributor to allergic disease prevalence, yet the skin-sensitizing potency of PM from different emission sources and its active components remain unclear. We adopted the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) and keratinocyte\u2013dendritic cell (KC\u2013DC) co-culture activation test (COCAT) to evaluate three standard reference materials (SRMs): urban PM (UPM) 1648a, coal fly ash (CFA) 2693, and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) 2975. Distinct source-dependent sensitization profiles were observed. In THP-1 monocultures, 1648a upregulated CD54 expression by stimulating TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 secretion. Co-culture with KCs potentiated DC activation against all three SRMs, elevating CD86 and CD54 levels via increased IL-1\u03b2 and extracellular ATP release. Mechanistically, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in HaCaT cells was critical for THP-1 activation. Functional component analysis uncovered that amorphous silica drove 1648a-triggered CD54 upregulation in monocultures, while soot and magnetite, common to all SRMs, along with amorphous and crystalline silica in 1648a, collectively elevated CD86 levels under co-culture. AhR-agonistic soluble components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), acted as synergistic regulators. This study presents the first comprehensive evidence that PM of disparate origins induces cutaneous sensitization via differential modulation of KC\u2013DC crosstalk, offering a basis for reducing PM-related allergic risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c08887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:01:19Z","timestamp":1790442079000},"page":"28456-28470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deciphering\nAllergenic\nComponents Responsible for\nDifferential Sensitization Potentials of Source-Specific Atmospheric\nParticulate Matter"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6705-1306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yao","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Metrology , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Bing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8730-2778","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weican","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haonan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibo","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8917-0924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ziyu","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4759-5016","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian S.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8525-7961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2521-100X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qunfang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310024"]},{"name":"Jianghan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6335-3917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guibin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10082","key":"2026101310150820600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6","article-title":"Estimates\nand 25-year\ntrends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air\npollution: An analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases\nStudy 2015","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101310150820600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02093-7","article-title":"Effect of air pollution on the human immune\nsystem","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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Dermatol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101310150820600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.06.1280","article-title":"The central roles\nof keratinocytes in coordinating\nskin immunity","volume":"144","author":"Simmons","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310150820600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.01.006","article-title":"Harnessing dendritic cells in inflammatory\nskin diseases","volume":"23","author":"Chu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101310150820600_cit7","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).\n          .  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Mater."},{"key":"2026101310150820600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.024","article-title":"Never deem lightly\nthe \u2033less harmful\u2033 low-molecular-weight PAH, NPAH, and\nOPAH - Disturbance of the immune response at real environmental levels","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026101310150820600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173688","article-title":"Controlled\nhuman exposures to diesel exhaust or particle-depleted diesel exhaust\nwith allergen modulates transcriptomic responses in the lung","volume":"945","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101310150820600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115905","article-title":"A comprehensive\nreview of toxicity of coal fly ash and its leachate in the ecosystem","volume":"269","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"2026101310150820600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132044","article-title":"Tracing the plasma\nkallikrein-kinin system-activating component in the atmospheric particulate\nmatter with different origins","volume":"458","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026101310150820600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15958","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03901","article-title":"Quantifying\nthe deposition of airborne particulate matter pollution on skin using\nelemental markers","volume":"54","author":"Morgan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026101310150820600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21954","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c06657","article-title":"Unraveling\npotential causative components for the deleterious effect of atmospheric\nfine particulate matter on red blood cells","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310150820600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.33.71","article-title":"Role of TNF-alpha\nand extracellular\nATP in THP-1 cell activation following allergen exposure","volume":"33","author":"Miyazawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. 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Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026101310150820600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.05.033","article-title":"Orchestrating\nimmune responses: How size, shape and rigidity affect the immunogenicity\nof particulate vaccines","volume":"234","author":"Benne","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310150820600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-021-00429-8","article-title":"Surface\ncharge-dependent mitochondrial response to similar intracellular nanoparticle\ncontents at sublethal dosages","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310150820600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12852","article-title":"Urban particulate\nmatter stimulation\nof human dendritic cells enhances priming of nai\u0308ve CD8 T lymphocytes","volume":"153","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2026101310150820600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.10.041","article-title":"Unique pulmonary\nimmunotoxicological effects of urban PM are not recapitulated solely\nby carbon black, diesel exhaust or coal fly ash","volume":"161","author":"Gour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. 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