{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:44:55Z","timestamp":1792784695209,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012431","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX(24)1001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX(24)1001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20241244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20241244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["42407020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42407020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["42637001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42637001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immobilization of cadmium (Cd) in weakly alkaline upland soils, a major agricultural system in northern China, remains a challenge. This study examined whether liquid organic acid (OA) fertilizer and EDTA-Fe could stimulate Fe redox to stabilize Cd. OA fertilizer (active ingredients: citric acid, lactic acid, and glucose) induced microbial Fe(III) reduction and acidification within 1 day, shifting Cd from Fe\/Mn-oxide and organic fractions to exchangeable and carbonate forms. Iron reduction and acidification contributed 52.0\u201355.8% and 44.2\u201348.0% of Cd activation, respectively. Subsequent Fe(II) oxidation over 60 days reimmobilized Cd into Fe\/Mn-oxide and residual fractions. Adding EDTA-Fe enhanced Fe(III) reduction (raising Cd activation by 35.4%) while slowing Fe(II) oxidation and increasing Cd passivation by 31.8%. Such passivation was driven by newly formed secondary Fe oxides and Fe\u2013Al\u2013Si minerals, and ceased when Fe(II) oxidation was inhibited. Simulations supported Cd association with Fe\u2013Al\u2013Si phases, and EDTA-Fe enhanced immobilization via surface complexation\/coprecipitation. Unlike paddy soils, Cd dynamics in alkaline soils are distinct despite both being Fe redox-driven, underscoring the need for alkaline-specific strategies. This approach works across diverse soils (pH 7.41\u20138.43; Cd 1.33\u201330.06 mg kg\u20131), reducing available Cd by 19.4\u201351.6%, and provides new insights into Fe redox-controlled Cd stabilization in upland soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c09130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:02:03Z","timestamp":1790164923000},"page":"27851-27866","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Harnessing the Microbial\nIron Redox Chain: Liquid\nOrganic Acid Fertilizer and EDTA-Fe Drive Unexpected Cadmium Passivation\nin Alkaline Upland Soils"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Qianwei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghao","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald L","family":"Sparks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Delaware , , , ,","place":["Newark, Delaware, United States, 19716-7310"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7917-7954","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongmei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6744","key":"2026100609071217000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr5214","article-title":"Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture\nand human health","volume":"388","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100609071217000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2022.2099192","article-title":"Dietary\ncadmium exposure, risks to\nhuman health and mitigation strategies","volume":"53","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit.\nRev. 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Acta"},{"issue":"48","key":"2026100609071217000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25926","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c13400","article-title":"Ferrous Oxidation-Driven Adsorptive\nand Oxidative Transformation Boosts Electron Exchange Capacity of\nDissolved Organic Matter: Environmental Implications","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026100609071217000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26133","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c11078","article-title":"Iron (Hydr)oxides\nand\nOxalic Acid Drive Vanadium Transformation in Mine Tailings under Repeated\nRedox Fluctuations","volume":"59","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026100609071217000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138061","article-title":"Comparative\nstudy of organosilicon and inorganic silicon in reducing cadmium accumulation\nin wheat: Insights into rhizosphere microbial communities and molecular\nregulation mechanisms","volume":"492","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026100609071217000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139788","article-title":"Mercapto-modified\nlayered double hydroxide: High-efficiency emerging\namendment for cadmium immobilization in cadmium-contaminated acidic\nand alkaline soil","volume":"498","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026100609071217000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.171772","article-title":"Reduced cadmium\nuptake of wheat plant using Mn- and Fe-layered double\nhydroxides for the remediation of polluted weakly alkaline dryland\nsoils","volume":"527","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026100609071217000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114930","article-title":"Application of ferromanganese functionalized biochar simultaneously\nreduces Cd and Pb uptake of wheat in contaminated alkaline soils","volume":"257","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100609071217000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x","article-title":"Development of a DTPA Soil Test for\nZinc, Iron, Manganese,\nand Copper","volume":"42","author":"Lindsay","year":"1978","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100609071217000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50043a017","article-title":"Sequential\nextraction procedure for\nthe speciation of particulate trace metals","volume":"51","author":"Tessier","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609071217000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50276-2","article-title":"Metagenomic\ninsights into microbial community structure and metabolism in alpine\npermafrost on the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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Under Cd Stress","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026100609071217000_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enceco.2025.08.003","article-title":"A novel liquid-phase\npassivator for cadmium immobilization in acidic and alkaline soils:\nChemical and microbial mechanisms for reducing cadmium accumulation\nin wheat","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol."},{"key":"2026100609071217000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2025.109945","article-title":"Long-term\nmanure application enhances carbon use efficiency in soil aggregates\nby regulating microbial communities in cropland","volume":"210","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Biol. 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